有机肥替代部分化学氮肥对日光温室辣椒产量、品质和土壤理化性质的影响  

Effects of Organic Fertilizer Replacing Partial Chemical Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield,Quality,and Soil Physicochemical Properties of Chili Peppers in Solar Greenhouses

作　　者：王海银 WANG Haiyin(Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Jingyuan County in Gansu Province,Baiyin,Gansu 730600)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省靖远县农业农村局,甘肃白银730600

出　　处：《北方园艺》2024年第18期41-48,共8页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：靖远县绿色种养循环农业试点资助项目(2021-00006)。

摘　　要：以“奥龙1818”辣椒为试材,采用有机肥替代部分化学氮肥方法(不施肥(T0)、100%化学氮肥(T1)、有机肥替代15%化学氮肥(T2)、有机肥替代30%化学氮肥(T3)和有机肥替代45%化学氮肥(T4)),研究了不同有机肥替代部分化学氮肥对日光温室辣椒产量、品质和土壤肥力的影响,以期为有机肥替代部分化学氮肥在日光温室辣椒生产上的应用提供参考依据。结果表明:有机肥替代部分化学氮肥(T2~T4)可以显著改善辣椒的光合能力、生长、产量、品质和氮肥利用效率,同时提高土壤肥力,尤其在30%替代比例下(T3)最优。与T1处理相比,T3处理一方面通过提高土壤有机质(130.1%)、有效磷(72.2%)和速效钾(115.2%)含量改善了土壤的供肥能力,另一方面通过提高SPAD值(12.2%)、净光合速率(19.4%)、蒸腾速率(19.1%)和气孔导度(16.2%)改善了光合能力。最终通过改善辣椒植株生长和增加土壤肥力使辣椒产量和氮肥农艺效率提高了26.1%、213.5%。此外,该替代比例还不同程度地提升了辣椒的品质。综上,对日光温室辣椒实施30%的替代比例不仅可以提升土壤肥力、促进辣椒生长,还可提高产量、品质和氮肥利用效率。The‘Aolong 1818’chili pepper was used as the test materials,the effects of substituting chemical nitrogen fertilizers with organic fertilizers on chili yield,quality,and soil fertility in solar greenhouses were studied.The experimental treatments included no fertilization(T0),100%chemical nitrogen fertilizer(T1),and substituting of 15%(T2),30%(T3),and 45%(T4)chemical nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizers,in order to evaluate the effectiveness of organic fertilizers as partial substitutes for chemical nitrogen in improving chili production in solar greenhouses.The results showed that organic fertilizer substitution partial chemical nitrogen fertilizer(T2-T4)could significantly improve the photosynthetic capacity,growth,yield,quality,and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency of chili pepper,as well as soil fertility.In particular,the 30%substitution ratio(T3)was found to be optimal.Compared to the T1 treatment,the T3 treatment increased soil organic matter,available phosphorus,and available potassium by 130.1%,72.2%,and 115.2%,respectively.Additionally,it improved photosynthetic capacity by increasing SPAD(12.2%),net photosynthetic rate(19.4%),transpiration rate(19.1%),and stomatal conductance(16.2%).Ultimately,the T3 treatment improved chili growth and soil fertility,resulting in a 26.1%increase in chili yield and a 213.5%increase in nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency.Furthermore,this substitution ratio improved the quality of the chili pepper.Therefore,implementing a 30%substitution ratio of organic fertilizers for chemical nitrogen fertilizers in solar greenhouses can not only improve soil fertility and chili growth,but also increase yield,quality,and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency.

关 键 词：辣椒 有机肥 土壤肥力 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S626[农业科学—园艺学] S641.3