全周期视角下我国慢性病政策梯度演化与政策工具分析  

Analysis of the gradient evolution and policy tools of China s chronic disease policies from the full-cycle perspective

作　　者：田雨露 李叶[1,2] 张晨溪 赖勇强 李红雨 刘馨蔚 TIAN Yu-lu;LI Ye;ZHANG Chen-xi;LAI Yong-qiang;LI Hong-yu;LIU Xin-wei(School of Health Management,Harbin Medical University,Harbin Heilongjiang 150000,China;School of Public Health,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou Zhejiang 310000,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨医科大学卫生管理学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150000 [2]杭州师范大学公共卫生学院,浙江杭州310000

出　　处：《中国卫生政策研究》2024年第8期43-49,共7页Chinese Journal of Health Policy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(72174047,71874045);国家自然科学基金青年项目(71403073)。

摘　　要：目的:基于全周期视角,分析我国慢性病政策文本的现状、特点与问题,为后续政策优化提供参考。方法:选取2009—2023年国家层面发布的104份慢性病相关政策文件,采用内容分析法,构建“政策工具—慢性病全周期管理”二维分析框架,进行单维量化分析与二维交叉分析。结果:政策工具的应用存在明显的不均衡,供给型政策工具占比高达63.23%,需求型政策工具使用最少,仅为10.51%;慢性病全周期管理维度,预防、防治、治疗、疗康、康养、全周期分别占比21.01%、24.58%、28.89%、7.32%、4.69%和13.51%,疗康与康养阶段的比重较低;慢性病管理政策各阶段均与供给型政策互动频繁,疗康、康复和全周期阶段与需求型政策工具交叉较少。结论:应调节政策工具运用比例,加强其内部协调性,完善康养与疗康阶段的顶层设计,增强各类型政策工具与慢性病全周期管理的协同交互作用,提升政策总体效能。Objective:This paper aims to analyze the current status,characteristics,and problems of the policy text of China s chronic disease from the perspective of full-cycle,and provide a reference for subsequent policy optimization.Methods:The author selected 104 policy documents on chronic disease published at the national level from 2009 to 2023,used content analysis method,constructed a two-dimensional analysis framework of“policy tools-full-cycle management”,and carried out one-dimensional quantitative analysis and two-dimensional cross-analysis.Results:The application of policy tools is obviously unbalanced,with supply-type policy tools accounting for as much as 63.23%,and demand-type policy tools used the least,only 10.51%.In the dimension of full-cycle management,the proportions of prevention,prevention and treatment,treatment,treatment and rehabilitation,health care,and full-cycle stages are 21.01%,24.58%,28.89%,7.32%,4.69%and 13.51%respectively.It is noteworthy that the proportions of the treatment and rehabilitation,and health care stages are relatively low.All stages of chronic disease health management interact frequently with supply-type policies,and the treatment and rehabilitation,health care and full-cycle stages cross less with demand-type policy tools.Conclusion:It is necessary to adjust the proportion of policy tools,strengthen their internal coordination,improve the top-level design of treatment and rehabilitation and health care,enhance the synergistic interaction between various types of policy tools and full-cycle management,and improve the overall effectiveness of policies.

关 键 词：慢性病 政策工具 全周期管理 文本分析 

分 类 号：R197[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]