Y形整形方式对桃园树体生长、光合作用和果实品质的影响  

Effects of Y-shaped training on tree growth and photosynthesis and fruit quality in peach

作　　者：尤慧晴 周鹏羽 杨勇 俞明亮[3] 许建兰[3] 丁文正 高志红[1] YOU Huiqing;ZHOU Pengyu;YANG Yong;YU Mingliang;XU Jjianlan;DING Wenzheng;GAO Zhihong(Nanjing Agricultural University,Jiangsu 210095;Zhenjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences;Institute of Pomology,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学,江苏210095 [2]镇江农业科学院 [3]江苏省农业科学院果树研究所

出　　处：《中国果树》2024年第10期40-45,共6页China Fruits

基　　金：江苏现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金资助(JATS[2024]473)。

摘　　要：桃园宜机化栽培是高效省力化栽培的有效方式,而Y形整形方式是新建桃园省力化栽培普遍采用的整形方式,但和传统三主枝开心形相比,其对树体生长和果实品质的影响还未见系统研究。以水蜜桃新品种霞脆为材料,以开心形整形方式为对照,研究了幼树和成年树Y形整形方式对树体生长、光合作用、产量和果实品质的影响。对桃树不同冠层叶片质量进行了测定,研究发现,霞脆叶片叶绿素含量与比叶重呈现相同的变化趋势,7、8月霞脆Y形成年树上、中、下层叶片叶绿素含量分别为3.06、2.09、1.83 mg/g和2.14、1.88、1.75 mg/g,7、8月霞脆Y形成年树上、中、下层比叶重分别为10.67、8.31、8.12 g/cm^(2)和7.79、7.12、6.49 g/cm^(2),均为上层>中层>下层。7、8月霞脆Y形幼树叶绿素含量分别为1.62、1.59 mg/g,7、8月霞脆Y形幼树比叶重分别为7.19、8.34 g/cm^(2),结果表明,Y形叶片叶绿素含量和比叶重均大于开心形,说明Y形叶片质量优于开心形。7月结果期Y形成年树叶片净光合速率为31.77μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1),较开心形提高28.36%,Y形幼树叶片净光合速率为33.14μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1),较开心形提高67.12%,在蒸腾速率与气孔导度方面也表现出相同的变化趋势,Y形整形方式光合作用能力显著优于开心形。成年树果实品质比较分析发现,Y形整形方式果实平均固酸比可达33.88,比开心形大6.14,Y形整形方式优于开心形。Y形成年树667 m^(2)产量为3694 kg,比开心形多1312 kg。研究结果为现代化桃园采用宜机化的Y形树形高效栽培提供了理论依据。Peach orchard mechanised cultivation is an effective way of efficient and labour-saving cultivation,and Y-shaped is a commonly used shaping method for labour-saving cultivation in new peach orchards,but its effect on tree growth and fruit quality has not been systematically investigated compared with the traditional three-primary-branch open-heart.In this experiment,the new peach variety‘Xiacui'was used as the material,and the effects of Y-shaped on tree growth,photosynthesis,yield and fruit quality of young trees and adult trees were investigated by using the open-heart as a comparison.The leaf mass of different crowns of peach trees was measured,and it was found that the chlorophyll content and specific leaf weight showed the same trend,and the mean values of total chlorophyll content of the upper,middle and lower leaves of the Y-shaped of the adult trees in Jurong were 3.06,2.09,1.83 mg/g and 2.14,1.88,1.75 mg/g,respectively.The mean values of specific leaf weights of upper,middle and lower leaves of Jurong adult Y--shaped annual trees were 10.67,8.31,8.12 g/cm^(2)and 7.79,7.12,6.49 g/cm in July and August,respectively,and all of them showed that the upper layer was significantly larger than the middle layer significantly larger than the lower layer.The chlorophyll content of young tres were 1.62 mg/g and 1.59 mg/g in July and August,respectively,and the specific leaf weights were 7.19 g/cm^(2)and 8.34 g/cm^(2).The results showed that the chlorophyll content and specific leaf weight of adult trees in Jurong and young trees in Zhenjiang were significantly larger than those of the open-heart,so the leaf quality of the Y-shaped shaping method was significantly better than that of the open-heart.The net photosynthetic rate of the adult trees in Jurong was 31.77 umol·m^(-2)·s^(-1).in July during the fruiting period,which increased by 28.36%compared with that of the open-heart,and that of young trees was 33.14 umol·m^(-2)·s^(-1),which increased by 67.12%compared with the open-heart,and showed the same trend in

关 键 词：桃 整形方式 光合作用 果实品质 

分 类 号：S662.1[农业科学—果树学]