不同有机肥配施对葡萄根系解剖结构和水力特性的影响  

Effects of different organic fertilizers on anatomical structure and hydraulic characteristics of the grape root systems

作　　者：赵晓丽 马闯 田淑芬 王荣 王超霞 ZHAO XiaoLi;MA Chuang;TIAN Shufen;WANG Rong;WANG Chaoxia(College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture,Tianjin Agricultural University,300384)

机构地区：[1]天津农学院园艺园林学院,300384

出　　处：《中国果树》2024年第10期62-68,共7页China Fruits

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-29-zp-1)。

摘　　要：通过探究不同有机肥配施对葡萄生长的施用效果,为葡萄园的科学施肥提供理论依据。选用以SO4为砧木的红巴拉多和阳光玫瑰作为试验材料,设置4个处理(即A:猪粪40 kg;B:牛粪13 kg+羊粪13 kg+猪粪14 kg;C:牛粪26.5 kg+羊粪13.5 kg;D:牛粪20 kg+羊粪20 kg),采用石蜡切片法观察根系解剖结构和水力特性的差异。结果表明:B、C、D处理根系周皮厚度较A处理均有所降低,D处理最低;B、C、D处理根系维管形成层厚度、韧皮部半径、木质部半径以及木质部平均导管最大直径、最小直径、面积均高于A处理,其中D处理增加最为显著;D处理的根比导水率和栓塞脆弱性指数最高,C、B处理次之,A处理最低。综上,合理配施有机肥能够显著提高根系的木质部半径和韧皮部厚度,促进根系的增粗生长,增大木质部导管直径,提高根比导水率,促进根系对土壤水分和营养元素的吸收利用,主成分分析得出2个葡萄品种根系生长的最佳施肥处理为牛粪20 kg+羊粪20 kg(D处理)。This experiment explores the application effects of different organic fertilizer combinations on grape growth,providing a theoretical basis for scientific fertilization in vineyards.This study used Ballado Red'and"Shine Muscat’grapes on S04 rootstock as materials.Four treatments were applied:A:pig dung(40 kg);B:cow dung(13 kg),sheep dung(13 kg),pig dung(14 kg);C:cow dung(26.5 kg),sheep dung(13.5 kg);D:cow dung(20 kg),sheep dung(20 kg).The differences in root anatomical structure and hydraulic properties were observed using the paraffin section method.The results showed that the root pericarp thickness of treatments B,C and D was lower than that of treatment A,with treatment D having the lowest value.The root vascular cambium thickness,phloem radius,xylem radius,xylem average vessel maximum diameter,minimum diameter,and average vessel area of treatments B,C and D were higher than those of treatment A,with the increase in treatment D being the most significant.The root specific water conductivity and embolism vulnerability index of treatment D were the highest,followed by treatments C and B,with treatment A having the lowest values.That all,reasonable application of organic fertilizer can significantly increase the xylem radius and phloem thickness of roots,promote root thickening and growth,increase xylem tube diameter,improve root specific water conductivity,and enhance the absorption and utilization of soil water and nutrients by roots.Principal component analysis indicated that the best fertilization treatments for grape root growth were 20 kg cow manure and 20 kg sheep manure(treatment D).

关 键 词：葡萄 有机肥 根系 解剖结构 水力特性 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]