部分充电策略下多中心混合车队联合配送路径优化  

Multi-depot mixed fleet joint distribution routing optimization with partial recharging strategy

作　　者：张得志[1] 周少宇 周理昆 王煜恺 周赛琦 ZHANG Dezhi;ZHOU Shaoyu;ZHOU Likun;WANG Yukai;ZHOU Saiqi(School of Traffic&Transportation Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学交通运输工程学院,湖南长沙410075 [2]天佑京铁轨道技术有限公司,北京100070

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2024年第9期3552-3562,共11页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(72074073);湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2021JJ30857,2021JJ31167);中南大学研究生科研创新项目(2023XQLH014)。

摘　　要：城市物流电动车与燃油车混合运输场景中,运输资源共享调度和充电策略联合优化方面存在不足。基于此,综合考虑客户时间窗、混合动力车队、电动车部分充电策略、多中心间联合配送机制和碳排放等实际因素,研究带时间窗和部分充电的多中心混合车队绿色车辆路径问题。以车辆固定成本、运输成本、充电成本、碳排放成本和时间惩罚成本之和最小化为目标构建优化模型,并设计混合改进遗传-变邻域搜索算法进行求解。基于湖南省某物流企业的实际数据进行仿真实验,验证了上述模型及算法的有效性,并从配送模式、车队配置和充电策略3个方面进行了敏感性分析。研究结果表明:1)联合配送模式有助于加强配送中心间的协同合作,促进运输资源共享调度,降低物流配送成本并减少碳排放,是一种经济环保的配送模式。2)电动车充电时间过长会影响客户时间满意度下降,且对纯电动车队而言,这一影响更为显著。3)混合车队相比纯电动车队具有更低的配送成本和更高的客户满意度,相比纯燃油车队在降低配送成本和减少碳排放方面更有优势。合理的车队配置不仅能减少企业运营成本,还可以同时兼顾客户利益和环境利益。4)在物流配送中采用部分充电策略能有效节省充电时间并提升客户服务体验。研究成果可为物流企业进行运输资源联合调度和配送方案优化决策提供参考依据。In the scenario of mixed transportation of electric vehicles and fuel vehicles in urban logistics,there are shortcomings in the joint optimization of transportation resource sharing and recharging strategies.Therefore,this paper comprehensively considered practical factors such as customer time windows,mixed fleet,partial recharging strategy for electric vehicles,multi-depot joint distribution mechanism and carbon emissions,and investigated a multi-depot mixed fleet green vehicle routing problem with partial recharging and time windows.An optimization model was established with the objective of minimizing the total cost,including vehicle fixed costs,transportation costs,charging costs,carbon emissions costs,and time penalty costs,and a hybrid improved genetic algorithm with variable neighborhood search was designed to solve the model.A simulation experiment using actual data from a logistics enterprise in Hunan Province was conducted to verify the effectiveness of the above model and algorithm.Sensitivity analysis was performed on three aspects:distribution mode,fleet configuration,and charging strategy.The results are shown as follows.(1)Joint distribution mode can help to strengthen the collaborative cooperation between distribution centers,promote the sharing and scheduling of transportation resources,reduce logistics distribution costs and carbon emissions,making it an economically and environmentally friendly distribution mode.(2)Excessive charging time for electric vehicles will affect customer satisfaction with time,and this effect is more significant for pure electric fleets.(3)Compared to pure electric fleets,mixed fleets have lower distribution costs and higher customer satisfaction,and have more advantages in reducing distribution costs and carbon emissions compared to pure fuel fleets.Rational fleet configuration can not only reduce the operational costs of enterprises,but also balance the interests of both customers and the environment.(4)Adopting partial recharging strategy in logistics distribution

关 键 词：多中心联合配送 混合车队 部分充电策略 混合改进遗传-变邻域搜索 绿色车辆路径 

分 类 号：U12[交通运输工程]