地下隧道竖向疏散现场试验研究  

Field experimental study on vertical evacuation of underground tunnel

作　　者：陈俊伟[1] 李姚 徐志胜[2] 谢宝超[2] 楚坤坤 赵家明 于子涵 CHEN Junwei;LI Yao;XU Zhisheng;XIE Baochao;CHU Kunkun;ZHAO Jiaming;YU Zihan(China Railway Siyuan Survey and Design Group Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430063,China;Institute of disaster prevention science and safety technology,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track of Ministry of Education,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China)

机构地区：[1]中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司,湖北武汉430063 [2]中南大学防灾科学与安全技术研究所,湖南长沙410075 [3]中南大学轨道交通安全教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙410075

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2024年第9期3684-3695,共12页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：中南大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资助项目(2021zzts235)。

摘　　要：近年来,隧道的疏散设计中普遍应用竖向疏散模式,但该模式的安全性缺少真实试验数据支撑和验证。为探究隧道竖向疏散模式下的人员疏散行为特征及关键参数,采用现场试验的方法,在某隧道内搭建火灾时的交通堵塞场景,组织188名参与者(109名男性,79名女性)开展大规模人群疏散研究,针对人员疏散时间、疏散行走速度、疏散楼梯人员通行能力、疏散楼梯盖板开启时间等参数进行分析。研究结果表明:1)隧道火灾时,人员疏散受到隧道熟悉度和疏散引导的显著影响,在紧急疏散过程中更容易发生拥堵,疏散引导可极大地改善人员的出口及路径选择,提高疏散效率。2)交通堵塞状态下,人员疏散行走速度因隧道熟悉度的提高和疏散引导而显著提高。行车道上,男性和女性的平均速度分别由1.38 m/s、1.39 m/s提高至1.94 m/s、1.99 m/s。但在下部安全疏散通道内,参与者出现懈怠和放松的情绪,平均疏散行走速度会略有降低。应考虑在疏散通道内设置一些警示标志以督促引导人员疏散。3)入口宽度为1.09 m的疏散楼梯的最大人员通行能力为38人/min;男性参与者开启楼梯盖板的平均时间为7.5 s,女性参与者开启楼梯盖板的平均时间为12.6 s,相比于女性,男性参与者更容易打开楼梯盖板。研究结果可为隧道疏散逃生方案设计、运营管理提供真实试验数据参考,提高隧道防灾疏散水平。In recent years,the vertical evacuation mode has become a common practice in the evacuation design of tunnels.However,the safety of this mode remains unverified,lacking real experimental data to support it.Therefore,a large-scale crowd evacuation study with 188 participants(109 males and 79 females)was conducted using a field experiment method to simulate a traffic congestion during a fire in a tunnel,to investigate the characteristics and key parameters of personnel evacuation behavior in the vertical evacuation mode of tunnels,in which parameters such as evacuation time,evacuation walking speed,evacuation staircase capacity.The evacuation staircase cover opening time were analyzed.The main research conclusions are drawn as follows.1)During a tunnel fire,crowd evacuation is significantly affected by tunnel familiarity and evacuation guidance,and congestion is more likely to occur during emergency evacuation,with evacuation guidance considerably improving exit and route choice,and increasing evacuation efficiency.2)In traffic congestion,the walking speed of crowd evacuation is significantly increased with the increase in tunnel familiarity and evacuation guidance.Notably,in the traffic lane,the average speed for males and females rises from 1.38 m/s and 1.39 m/s to 1.94 m/s and 1.99 m/s,respectively,while in the lower secure channel,the average evacuation walking speed slightly decreases as participant experience slackness and relaxation.It is proposed that some warning signs be installed in the evacuation routes to urge and guide people to evacuate.3)The maximum evacuation capacity of the staircase,with an entrance width of 1.09 m,is 38 persons/min.Notably,males open the stair cover plate faster than females,as the average time to open the stair cover plate is 7.5 s and 12.6 s for males and females,respectively.The results are used as a reference for the design of evacuation plans and operation management of tunnels.It can improve the level of disaster prevention and evacuation in tunnels.

关 键 词：隧道火灾 隧道逃生 疏散楼梯 现场试验 疏散能力 

分 类 号：U458.1[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程] X951[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]