施钾时期对长富2号苹果果实品质的影响  

Effect of potassium application periods on fruit quality of‘Nagano Fuji No.2’apple

作　　者：王茜[1] 马正岩 沈甜 李前进 李明军[1] WANG Xi;MA Zhengyan;SHEN Tian;LI Qianjin;LI Mingjun(College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100;Luochuan County Apple Industry Research and Development Center)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]洛川县苹果产业研发中心

出　　处：《中国果树》2024年第9期1-7,共7页China Fruits

基　　金：陕西省科技创新团队支持(2022TD-18)。

摘　　要：分别于采收前90、75、60、45、30 d对长富2号苹果园土壤进行施钾处理,探究采收前施钾时期对果实矿质营养、单果重、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量等的影响。结果表明,采收前施钾可提高长富2号果实氮、磷、钾含量,增加单果重、果形指数、花青苷含量、可溶性固形物含量,降低可滴定酸含量,促进着色。其中,采收前90 d施肥,单果重最大,可溶性固形物含量和钾含量最高;采收前75 d施肥,果实氮、磷含量最高,固酸比最大;采收前60 d施肥,果皮花青苷含量最高,a*值和CI值最大,果实着色好,果色偏红;采收前30 d施肥,单果重、果形指数、固酸比等与CK均无显著差异。综上,长富2号苹果采收前90 d至60 d增施钾肥对提高果实品质的效果最明显,为陕西省洛川县长富2号苹果园施用钾肥的适宜时期。To explore the effects of potassium fertilizer application at different periods of pre-harvest on fruit mineral nutrition,single fruit weight,soluble solids content,titratable acid content,etc.,we applied potassium to the soil of the‘Nagano Fuji No.2’apple orchard at 90 days,75 days,60 days,45 days and 30 days before harvest,respectively.The results showed that applying potassium fertilizer before apple harvest increased the N,P,K content,single fruit weight,fruit shape index,anthocyanin content,and the soluble solids content,meanwhile,it also reduced the titratable acid content and promoted the coloring of apples.Among them,applying potassium fertilizer 90 days before harvest resulted in the largest single fruit weight and the highest K and soluble solids content.The solid acid ratio and the N,P content of apples were highest when potassium fertilizer was applied at 75 days before harvest.Applying potassium fertilizer 60 days before harvest resulted in the highest a*,CI,and anthocyanin content of apples.And apples of this treatment were better colored with reddish skins.Compared with CK,applying potassium fertilizer 30 days before harvest showed no significant difference in single fruit weight,fruit shape index,and fruit solid acid ratio.In general,applying increasing potassium fertilizer from 90 days to 60 days before the harvest of‘Nagano Fuji No.2’apple had obvious effect to increase fruit quality,and we hope that it can be considered as a reference period for applying potassium fertilizer in‘Nagano Fuji No.2’apple orchards at Luochuan in Shaanxi Province.

关 键 词：苹果 长富2号 施钾时期 果实品质 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]