间作紫苏对猕猴桃根际土壤微生物、酶活性及果实品质的影响初探  

Preliminary study on the effects of intercropping perilla on microorganisms and enzyme activities in kiwifruit inter-root soil and fruit quality

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作  者:高宁 王文华 温贺[1] 商志伟[1] 杨森[1] 张恒 邹乙菲 秦嘉浩 GAO Ning;WANG Wenhua;WEN He;SHANG Zhiwei;YANG Sen;ZHANG Heng;ZOU Yifei;QIN Jiahao(Guizhou Rape Research Institute,Guiyang 550025;College of Eco-Environmental Engineering,Guizhou Minzu University)

机构地区:[1]贵州省油菜研究所,贵阳550025 [2]贵州民族大学生态环境工程学院

出  处:《中国果树》2024年第9期37-47,56,共12页China Fruits

基  金:贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2023]一般059、黔科合支撑[2023]一般067);贵州省农业科学院科技创新项目(黔农科院科技创新[2022]12号);贵州省农业科学院国基后补助项目(黔农科院国基后补助[2021]29号);贵州省农业科学院种质资源项目(黔农科种质资源[2023]15号);贵州省科研机构创新能力建设项目(黔科服企[2021]13号);铜仁市科技计划项目(铜市科研[2023]73号)。

摘  要:分析猕猴桃间作紫苏对根际土壤微生物群落、土壤养分、酶活性以及猕猴桃果实品质的影响,旨在探究猕猴桃间作紫苏的间作效应,为进一步推广和应用猕猴桃园间作紫苏模式提供理论依据。主要通过宏基因组测序技术研究间作条件下土壤微生物群落变化。试验设计5个处理:M1201+112500株/hm^(2)(LH)、M626+112500株/hm^(2)(ZH)、M1201+75000株/hm^(2)(LL)、M626+75000株/hm^(2)(ZL)、猕猴桃单作(CK)。结果表明:LH、ZH处理的土壤有机质、碱解氮含量在紫苏开花期显著下降,速效磷含量在紫苏收获期显著降低而速效钾含量显著上升;猕猴桃根际土壤细菌为优势菌,主要细菌属为Bradyrhizobium、Streptomyces、Pseudomonas等,主要真菌属为Abelia、Homo、Mus等,均在间作处理中有较大提升,LH处理丰度最高;相关性分析发现,Bradyrhizobium和土壤β-木糖苷酶活性、速效磷含量均呈负相关关系,Abelia和土壤酸性磷酸酶活性、土壤亮氨酸氨基肽酶活性均呈正相关关系。与CK相比,LH、ZH处理的差异基因主要富集在糖鞘脂的生物合成-神经节系列(glycosphingolipid biosynthesis-ganglio series)和酰胺生物合成过程(amide biosynthetic process),有助于增加植物抗性;间作处理能较大幅度地提高猕猴桃果实还原型抗坏血酸、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖含量,降低总酸含量。综上,猕猴桃间作紫苏改变了土壤微生物群落结构(如显著提升了Bradyrhizobium的丰度),有助于改善果实品质。猕猴桃园建议推广LH种植模式即M1201+112500株/hm^(2),同时应补充种植紫苏带走的土壤养分。This paper analyzed the effects of kiwifruit intercropping with perilla on the rhizosphere soil microbial community,soil nutrients,enzyme activity,and kiwifruit fruit quality.The aim was to explore the intercropping effect of perilla on kiwifruit and provide theoretical basis for further promoting and applying the kiwifruit understory intercropping with perilla model.This study mainly investigated the changes in soil microbial communities under intercropping conditions through metagenomic sequencing technology.The experiment devised with 5 treatments:M1201+112,500 plants/hm^(2)(LH),M626+112,500 plants/hm^(2)(ZH),M1201+75,000 plants/hm^(2)(LL),M626+75,000plants/hm^(2)(ZL),and kiwifruit monoculture(CK).The organic matter and alkaline nitrogen content of LH and ZH treatment significantly decreased during the flowering stage of perilla,while the available phosphorus significantly decreased during the harvest stage of perilla and the available potassium content significantly increased.The bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of kiwifruit were dominant,with the main bacterial genera being Bradyrhizobium,Streptomyces,Pseudomonas,etc.,the main fungal genera being Abelia,Homo,Mus,etc.,all showed significant improvement in the intercropping group,with the highest abundance in LH treatment.Correlation analysis found that Bradyrizobium was a negative correlation between soilβ-xylosidase activity and available phosphorus content,while Abelia was positively correlated with soil acid phosphatase activity and soil leucine aminopeptidase activity.Compared with CK,the differential genes between LH and ZH treatment were mainly enriched in the glycosphingolipids biosynthesis-ganglio series and amide biosynthetic process,which helped to increase plant resistance.The intercropping group significantly increased the content of reduced ascorbic acid,soluble solids,and soluble sugars in kiwifruit,while reducing the total acid content.In summary,intercropping kiwifruit with perilla changed the soil microbial community structure,such as signif

关 键 词:猕猴桃 紫苏 间作 土壤微生物 酶活性 差异基因 

分 类 号:S663.4[农业科学—果树学]

 

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