3个蓝莓品种花芽分化特性比较研究  

Comparative study on the flower bud differentiation characteristics of three blueberry varieties

作　　者：和志娇[1] 杨雅涵 和加卫[1] 毕海林[1] 杨洪涛[1] 苏泽春[1] 和根强[1] 杨燕林[1] 杨正松[1] HE Zhijiao;YANG Yahan;HE Jiawei;BI Hailin;YANG Hongtao;SU Zechun;HE Genqiang;YANG Yanlin;YANG Zhengsong(Institute of Alpine Economics and Botany,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lijiang 674199)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院高山经济植物研究所,丽江674199

出　　处：《中国果树》2024年第9期48-56,共9页China Fruits

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32160695);丽江市后备人才培养计划(2022HBRC01、2021rc04);云南省重大科技专项计划项目(202302AE090005);云南省科技人才与平台计划项目(院士专家工作站)(202205AF150029);高山农业科技创新及成果展示转化专项经费(530000210000000017045)。

摘　　要：为探讨云南省蓝莓多次花芽分化的形态变化、花芽分化规律和品种间的差异,对蓝丰、双丰及夏普蓝的物候期进行调查,利用改良的石蜡切片方法对其花芽分化过程进行观察和分析,并采用MRM方法测定了夏普蓝3次花芽分化过程中5种内源激素含量。结果表明,蓝丰一年现蕾和开花结果1次;双丰一年现蕾和开花结果2次,分别表示为双丰第1次、双丰第2次;夏普蓝一年现蕾和开花结果3次,分别表示为夏普蓝第1次、夏普蓝第2次、夏普蓝第3次。双丰第1次的果熟末期与双丰第2次的现蕾期之间的时间间隔比较明显;从现蕾到果熟期,夏普蓝第1次与夏普蓝第2次具有重合的生育期,夏普蓝第2次与夏普蓝第3次也具有重合的生育期。3个蓝莓品种的花芽分化主要阶段有6个,依次为开始分化期、花序原基分化期、萼片原基分化期、花瓣原基分化期、雄蕊原基分化期、心皮原基分化期。3个蓝莓品种完成花芽分化的时间不同,蓝丰完成花芽分化的时间最长,需53 d,其次是双丰,双丰2次花芽分化完成的时间均比夏普蓝3次花芽分化完成的时间长。不同于蓝丰和双丰,夏普蓝在云南省不需要低温诱导,春季自剪之后立刻进入花芽分化。蓝莓花芽孕育期需要的IAA、CKs、GAs含量均较低,但需要的ABA、ACC含量均较高,要想对花器官后期的花芽分化有利,应保持IAA、CKs、GAs含量为平衡状态。In order to investigate the morphological changes,flower bud differentiation,flower bud differentiation rules and differences among varieties of Yunnan blueberry,the phenological phase of‘Bluecrop',‘Sweetheart'and‘Sharpblue'blueberry cultivars was observed and the flower bud differentiation process was analyzed by improved paraffin section method.MRM method was used to determine the content of 5 kinds of endogenous hormones in‘Sharpblue'during 3 times of flower bud differentiation.The results showed that‘Bluecrop'buds,blossoms and fruits once a year.‘Sweetheart'appears buds,flowers and fruits twice a year,denoted as the first‘Sweetheart'and the second‘Sweetheart'respectively.‘Sharpblue'blooms and fruits three times a year,denoted as the first‘Sharpblue',the second‘Sharpblue'and the third‘Sharpblue',respectively.The time interval between the bud stage and the end of fruit ripening was significant between the first‘Sweetheart'and the second‘Sweetheart'.From bud to fruit ripening stage,the first‘Sharpblue'and the second‘Sharpblue'had the same growth period,and the second‘Sharpblue'and the third‘Sharpblue'also had the same growth period.There were six main stages of differentiation.The first stage was the beginning stage of differentiation,followed by the differentiation stage of inflorescence primordium,sepal primordium and petal primordium,and finally the differentiation stage of stamen primordium and carpel primordium.The differentiation time of the three blueberry varieties was different.‘Bluecrop'took the longest time to complete flower bud differentiation(53 days),followed by‘Sweetheart',which had longer differentiation time than‘Sharpblue'.Under the same environmental conditions,there was a significant time interval between the two growth periods of‘Sweetheart',and the degree of overlap of‘Sharpblue'in these growth periods was different,and the time dividing line was not significant.Unlike‘Bluecrop'and‘Sweetheart'require low temperature induction,‘Sharpblue'd

关 键 词：高丛蓝莓 多次花芽分化 内源激素 云南 

分 类 号：S663.9[农业科学—果树学]