家庭政治视角下农村老年人家庭养老矛盾及其解释——基于华北农村的田野考察  

Family Care Conflicts for Rural Elderly from the Perspective of Family Politics:A Field Study Based on Rural North China

作　　者：王向阳 Wang Xiangyang

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学公共管理学院

出　　处：《社会政策研究》2024年第4期65-77,M0004,共14页Social Policy Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金西部项目“基于村社统筹的欠发达地区农村养老服务精准供给模式研究”(项目批准号:22XSH016)。

摘　　要：近年来,农村多子女家庭养老矛盾频发,高龄老人养老危机突出,严重影响老年父母生活质量。既有伦理道德和社会结构视角下的相关研究难以解释养老矛盾多发生在特定农村的特殊性和多子女家庭结构中家庭政治的丰富性。基于“家庭政治”视角,研究发现:各子女相互推诿是农村老人家庭养老矛盾的典型特征。弱伦理强政治的地方社会文化难以抑制家庭养老矛盾的外溢;多子女结构往往成为家庭养老矛盾产生的催化因素和博弈空间;代际资源竞争与养老责任规避进一步成为各子代家庭的主体行动逻辑。面对外溢的家庭养老需求,当前流行的以福利院为典型代表的政府兜底、以养老机构为典型代表的市场主导、以互助养老为典型代表的村社统筹等模式面临财政投入高、付费能力低、组织激励缺失等多重约束,高度嵌入村社熟人社会、契合老人原居养老需求、匹配农民家庭付费能力的村社内生型农民家庭养老院有望成为绝大多数农村地区应对老龄化问题的重要方案。In recent years,family care conflicts among elderly parents in rural areas,particularly in multichild families,have become increasingly frequent,with the elderly facing significant care crises,severely impacting their quality of life.Existing research from the perspectives of ethics and social structure has struggled to explain the specificity of elderly care conflicts occurring in particular rural areas and the complexity of family politics in multi-child family structures.From a"family politics"perspective,this study finds that mutual shirking of responsibilities among children is a typical feature of family care conflicts for elderly parents in rural areas.The local social culture,characterized by weak ethics and strong political dynamics,fails to suppress the spillover of family care conflicts.Multi-child family structures often become a catalyst for such conflicts and a space for intra-family bargaining.Intergenerational competition for resources and the evasion of caregiving responsibilities further shape the primary logic of action for individual families.In response to the growing demand for family elder care,the current models—government-funded welfare institutions,market-driven care facilities,and village-based mutual aid elder care—face multiple constraints such as high financial input,low affordability,and lack of organizational incentives.Village-community-based,endogenous elder care homes,which are deeply embedded in the familiar social networks of rural villages,cater to the elderly’s preference for aging in place,and align with the payment capacities of rural families,are expected to become a crucial solution to the aging problem in most rural areas.

关 键 词：华北农村 农民家庭 养老危机 家庭政治 人口老龄化 农村养老 

分 类 号：F323.89[经济管理—产业经济] C913.11[社会学]