形态——功能视角下县域村镇聚落空间分异及耦合分析——以鲁西南单县为例  

Spatial differentiation and interaction of rural settlements’morphology and functions in counties:The case of Shanxian County,Southwest Shandong

作　　者：王林 田健[1] 徐晓楠 曾坚[1] 辛儒鸿 WANG Lin;TIAN Jian;XU Xiaonan;ZENG Jian;XIN Ruhong(School of Architecture,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;Qingdao University of Technology Architectural Design and Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao 266033,Shandong,China;School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture,Southwest University,Chongqing 400700,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学建筑学院,天津300072 [2]青岛理工大学建筑设计研究院有限公司,山东青岛266033 [3]西南大学园艺园林学院,重庆400700

出　　处：《地理科学进展》2024年第9期1730-1743,共14页Progress in Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52378065);天津市哲学社会科学规划智库项目(TJZDDY23-23)。

摘　　要：寻找新的理论视角,有效识别和解析村镇聚落空间分异特征及规律,可为谋划差异化的村镇聚落空间重构及乡村发展振兴路径提供基础支撑。论文以鲁西南单县442个村镇聚落单元为研究对象,构架“形态分异—功能分化—耦合分析”的论证逻辑,建立基于第三次全国国土调查数据的空间形态与功能量化评价方法,系统识别县域村镇聚落空间分异特征,并采用Spearman相关、双变量空间自相关模型,测度并解析村镇聚落空间形态与功能的耦合关系。结果表明:①单县村镇聚落呈现传统平原农区典型的“均散同质”空间格局特征。聚落单元表现为“散村广布、集村零簇”的布局特征;规模等级显现以乡镇驻地为中心的圈层式和沿主要交通线的点轴式两种空间结构模式;形状多数规则,不规则聚落呈道路和微地形指向。②生活功能等级以城镇驻地为中心圈层分布;生产功能优势聚落单元绕城或沿主要交通线呈点轴式分布;生态功能较优聚落单元亲水特征明显;综合功能强势聚落单元分布存在明显的中心地和道路空间指向性,与生态功能呈负相关。③“三维”形态与各功能间以协同关系为主,权衡关系主要表现在“三维”形态与生态功能之间;规模强度与各项功能均显著相关,而聚散程度、形状规则度和各项功能相关性较弱或不相关。形态—功能协同/权衡关系存在功能导向下的空间分异规律,传统平原农区村镇聚落空间重构和治理需以综合功能提升为核心目标,进而加强形态和功能的协同优化。Finding new theoretical perspectives to effectively identify and analyze the spatial differentiation characteristics and patterns of rural settlements can provide basic support for planning the spatial reconstruction of rural settlements and the path of revitalization and development of rural areas.Taking 442 rural settlement units in Shanxian County,Southwest Shandong as the research object,this study constructed an analytical framework of morphological differentiation-functional differentiation-interactive relationship.By developing a quantitative evaluation method of spatial morphology and functions adapted to the third national land survey data,the spatial differentiation characteristics of rural settlements in the county were systematically identified.Then,the interaction between spatial morphology and functions of rural settlements was analyzed through Spearman's rho and bivariate spatial autocorrelation methods.The results show that:1)The rural settlements in Shanxian County are characterized by the spatial pattern of"dispersion and homogeneity",which is a typical feature of traditional plain agricultural areas.In terms of distribution,the rural settlements show the layout characteristics of"scattered villages are widely distributed,interspersed with agglomerated villages";In terms of scale,the rural settlements show two spatial structure modes:the circular zonal type with the towns as the center and the point-axis type along the main traffic lines;In terms of shape,most rural settlements have regular boundaries,and irregular settlements are oriented by roads and micro topography.2)The level of living function of rural settlement units in Shanxian County shows circular zonal distribution around the city and towns;The level of production function shows a point-axis distribution characteristic along the main traffic lines;The settlement units with better ecological function have higher proximity to surface water bodies;The distribution of settlement units with better comprehensive functions has obvious spati

关 键 词：村镇聚落单元 形态—功能视角 空间分异 耦合分析 传统平原农区 鲁西南单县 

分 类 号：TU982.29[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]