乡村地域系统视角下农村土地利用问题解析与优化路径  

Rural land use problems and optimization approaches from the perspective of rural territorial system

作　　者：曹智[1] 黄奕嘉 CAO Zhi;HUANG Yijia(Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049

出　　处：《地理科学进展》2024年第9期1853-1864,共12页Progress in Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42293271,42271279,41931293)。

摘　　要：土地是城乡发展的空间基础和物质载体,实现乡村土地利用优化成为破解乡村土地问题、推进乡村振兴的重要突破口。在城镇化中后期,城乡治理进入“深水区”,乡村土地利用优化需要以系统性研究为支撑。论文从系统科学视角构建乡村地域系统“要素—结构—功能”理论认知及机理分析框架,全面梳理乡村土地利用问题,并结合问题类型提出乡村土地利用优化路径。研究发现:①乡村地域系统由水、土、气、生、岩石、矿物等内核性要素和资金、技术、信息、数据等外缘性要素,以及人、基础设施等双重属性要素构成,不同数量和品质的要素形成乡村地域系统结构,其本体结构与主体结构相互影响、相互塑造,并承担调节乡村要素、优化乡村结构、提升乡村功能的双向传导作用。②当前土地利用问题包括资源与环境结构制约发展用地需求的本体结构约束问题、社会结构中政策和组织体系与更高水平的经济结构发展需求不匹配制约土地利用效率和质量的主体结构失衡问题、本体结构客观支撑条件与社会经济组织利用不协调影响土地持续利用的综合性问题。③土地利用优化策略包括土地适度规模经营策略、空间优化管理提升策略和土地生态价值转化策略。研究可为破解乡村土地问题、提升乡村土地利用效益,推进乡村转型振兴提供参考。Land is the spatial foundation and material carrier of urban and rural development,and rural land use optimization has become an important breakthrough point in solving rural land use problems and promoting rural revitalization.In the middle and late stages of urbanization,urban and rural governance has entered the"deep water zone",and rural land use optimization needs to be supported by systematic research.In this study,we built a theoretical cognition and mechanism analysis framework of"element-structure-function"of rural territorial system from the perspective of systems theory,comprehensively examined the rural land use problems,and put forward the optimization paths of rural land use considering the types of problems.The results show that:1)Rural territorial system consists of kernel elements such as water,soil,air,life,rocks and minerals,and exogenous elements such as capital,technology,information and data,as well as dual-attribute elements such as human beings and infrastructure,etc.The different quantities and qualities of the elements form the structure of the rural territorial system.Among it,the passive structure and the motivational structure influence and shape each other,and assume the two-way conduction role of regulating the rural elements,optimising the rural structure and enhancing the rural functions.2)Based on the theory of rural territorial system,the current land use problems include passive structure constraints that limit the demand for land requirements in terms of the structure of resources and the environment,motivational structure imbalance that limits the efficiency and quality of land use due to the mismatch between the policy and institutional system in the social structure and the demand for the development of the economic structure at a higher level,and the comprehensive problem of the lack of coordination between the objective supportive conditions of the passive structure and the socioeconomic condition that affects the sustainable land use.3)The current land use optimization s

关 键 词：乡村地域系统理论 土地利用问题 土地利用优化路径 要素—结构—功能 农村发展 乡村振兴 

分 类 号：F301.24[经济管理—产业经济]