基于ISM-MICMAC的直升机海上平台运行安全风险因素分析  

Analysis of Safety Risk Factors of Helicopter OffshorePlatform Operation Based on ISM-MICMAC

作　　者：张晓全[1] 王玉 柳淑亚 ZHANG Xiaoquan;WANG Yu;LIU Shuya(School of Safety Science and Engineering,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjian 300300,China)

机构地区：[1]中国民航大学安全科学与工程学院,天津300300

出　　处：《综合运输》2024年第9期131-137,共7页China Transportation Review

摘　　要：准确识别直升机海上石油平台运行安全风险的主要影响因素,分析其作用机理,构建影响因素体系,对于直升机海上石油平台运行风险管理极其重要。研究分析安全事故直接和间接原因,筛选出18个最具有代表性的风险因素,通过计算直接影响矩阵、可达矩阵,构建解释结构模型(ISM)及递阶结构图,结合交叉影响矩阵相乘法(MICMAC)将影响因素划分为8个层级及联系区、独立区、自发区、依赖区4类。将ISM模型、MICMAC方法用于案例计算,验证其可行性。结果表明:平台安全防护设备、安全培训、安全演练的驱动力较低,依赖性较强;人员技能经验、资质要求、职业习惯、甲板设备设施、直升机运行状态的驱动力较强,依赖性较低;平台安全防护设备、安全培训、安全演练是导致直升机海上石油平台运行安全风险的重要原因;人员技能经验、资质要求、职业习惯、甲板设备设施、直升机运行状态是构成直升机海上石油平台运行安全风险的最根本和关键的因素。It is extremely important for helicopter offshore Oil platform operation risk management to accurately identify the main influencing factors of helicopter offshore Oil platform operation safety risk,analyze its mechanism,and build an influencing factor system.Research and analyze the direct and indirect causes of safety accidents,screen out 18 most representative risk factors,calculate the direct impact matrix and reachability matrix,construct an explanatory structure model(ISM)and hierarchical structure diagram,and combine the cross impact matrix multiplication method (MICMAC) to divide the influencing factorsinto 8 levels and 4 categories: connection zone, independent zone, spontaneous zone, and dependency zone.Apply the ISM model and MICMAC method to case calculations to verify their feasibility. The results indicatethat the driving force of platform safety protection equipment, safety training, and safety drills is low, andthe dependence is strong. The driving force of personnel skills and experience, qualification requirements,occupational habits, deck equipment and facilities, and helicopter operation status is strong, and the dependenceis low. Platform safety protection equipment, safety training, and safety drills are important reasons for thesafety risks in the operation of helicopter offshore oil platforms. Personnel skills and experience, qualificationrequirements, occupational habits, deck equipment and facilities, and helicopter operation status are the mostfundamental and critical factors that constitute the safety risks of helicopter offshore oil platforms.

关 键 词：直升机海上运行 风险因素 评价指标体系 解释结构模型(ISM) 交叉影响矩阵相乘法(MICMAC) 

分 类 号：U491[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]