智能物质的创制与应用  

Intelligent matter:From scientific concept to emerging applications

作　　者：蒋冯逸 邵宇 张文彬[1,2] Feng-Yi Jiang;Yu Shao;Wen-Bin Zhang(Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences,Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry&Physics of Ministry of Education,Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering,College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学化学与分子工程学院,软物质科学与工程中心,高分子化学与物理教育部重点实验室,北京分子科学国家研究中心,北京100871 [2]北京智源人工智能研究院,北京100084

出　　处：《科学通报》2024年第26期3914-3924,共11页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020YFA0908100,2023YFF1204401);国家自然科学基金(21991132,21925102,92056118,22101010,22331003,22371009);北京分子科学国家研究中心创新项目(BNLMS-CXXM-202006)资助。

摘　　要：人工智能的崛起正深刻地影响着我们的社会,也催生出智能物质这一新兴的交叉研究领域.智能物质是由分子组装而成的复杂物质体系,包含传感、存储和驱动基元及其之间的相互作用网络.复杂相互作用导致“涌现”现象的产生,使智能物质能够胜任特定的功能,并可实现自主的学习、适应和进化.目前,智能物质的创制主要有“自下而上”和“自上而下”两种策略,前者通过设计分子基元及其相互作用,构造全新的智能体系;后者通过改造生命体等已有体系,赋予全新的功能角色.智能物质具有独特的应用场景,本文以柔性器件与软体机器人、生物医学应用为例,阐述了智能物质的优势和广阔前景.智能物质的研究是物质科学的机遇与挑战,也是人工智能领域的新方向.With the rise of artificial intelligence,intelligent matter has become a frontier hotspot at the intersection of computer science and physical science including chemistry,biology,and materials.People expect to imitate living organisms and construct a“living”material system with features of intelligence,to understand the materials foundation of intelligence and further expand the types and mechanisms of artificial intelligence.Intelligent matter includes sensors,actuators,memory,and networks that mediate their interactions.It is capable of perceiving environment stimuli,processing information,making decisions,and responding/adapting.It originates from molecules,but goes beyond molecules.As a whole,completely new properties and functions could emerge from this complex mixture,or so-called“system”.This review aims to provide a brief introduction to the basic concept,key elements,and typical applications of intelligent matter.Intelligent matter is a complex system assembled from molecules,which is capable of performing specific functions,and can learn,adapt,and evolve autonomously.To understand intelligent matter,we should not only focus on its chemical composition,static structure and dynamic transformation,but also on the interaction network between components and the“emergence”phenomena derived from the system.As a system on the whole,intelligent matter realizes the functional regulation with intelligent characteristics through an interaction network based on feedback and compensation mechanisms.At a higher level of abstraction,intelligent matter,as a carrier of information,can achieve the encoding,heredity,and evolution of functions.Currently,there are two main strategies to develop intelligent matter:“bottom-up”and“top-down”.The former strives to construct“from scratch”an entirely new system through the design of molecular composition and interaction network,bringing in the emergence of intelligence.Inorganics,organics,synthetic polymers and biomacromolecules can all serve as assembly mot

关 键 词：智能物质 分子组装 相互作用网络 涌现 合成生物学 软体机器人 

分 类 号：TP242[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置] TP18[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]