Quantum vector DC magnetometry via selective phase accumulation  

作　　者：Min Zhuang Sijie Chen Jiahao Huang Chaohong Lee 

机构地区：[1]Institute of Quantum Precision Measurement,State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration,College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518060,China [2]Quantum Science Center of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area(Guangdong),Shenzhen 518045,China [3]Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Metrology,School of Physics and Astronomy,Sun Yat-sen University(Zhuhai Campus),Zhuhai 519082,China

出　　处：《Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)》2024年第10期12-22,共11页中国科学：物理学、力学、天文学（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1404104);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12025509,and 12305022);the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2019B030330001)。

摘　　要：Precision measurement of magnetic fields is a crucial issue in both fundamental scientific research and practical sensing technology.The sensitive detection of a vector magnetic field poses a significant challenge in quantum magnetometry,particularly in estimating a vector DC magnetic field with high precision.Here,we propose a comprehensive protocol for quantum vector DC magnetometry,utilizing selective phase accumulation in both non-entangled and entangled quantum probes.Building upon the principles of Ramsey interferometry,our protocol enables the selective accumulation of phase for a specific magnetic field component by incorporating a meticulously designed pulse sequence.In the individual measurement scheme,we employ three individual quantum interferometries to independently estimate each of the three magnetic field components.Alternatively,in the simultaneous measurement scheme,the application of a pulse sequence along different directions enables the simultaneous estimation of all three magnetic field components using only one quantum interferometry.Notably,by employing an entangled state(such as the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state)as the input state,the measurement precisions of all three components may reach the Heisenberg limit.This study not only establishes a general protocol for measuring vector magnetic fields using quantum probes,but also presents a viable pathway for achieving entanglement-enhanced multi-parameter estimation.

关 键 词：MAGNETOMETRY quantum interferometry entanglement-enhanced quantum metrology 

分 类 号：O413[理学—理论物理]