引力波与引力检验  

Gravitational wave and tests of gravity

作　　者：赵文[1] 牛睿 Wen Zhao;Rui Niu(Department of Astronomy,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学天文学系,合肥230026

出　　处：《科学通报》2024年第25期3770-3784,共15页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(12325301,12273035,11773028)资助。

摘　　要：引力检验的核心是通过观测数据来比较广义相对论和其他修改引力的预言,以期得到对理论的证伪或者对模型参数的限制.致密双星并合的引力波是当前唯一被确定探测到的引力波源,它首次提供了一种在强引力场环境中检验引力理论的新手段.本文针对该类引力波源,结合目前地基激光干涉仪引力波探测器的观测结果,介绍了利用引力波进行引力检验的基本方法,以及目前和未来可能得到的测量精度.特别是,我们分别针对模型相关的检验方法和模型无关的检验方法,介绍了如何利用引力波来检验各种修改引力方案,包括Brans-Dicke引力、一般的屏蔽修改引力、一般的宇称破坏引力,以及如何利用引力波来检验引力波的相位参数、速度、色散关系、光度距离、极化模式及引力的宇称对称性等基本性质.Until now, Einstein's general relativity is the most successful gravitational theory. However, this theory faces difficulties on both the theoretical side and the observational side, including the singularity problem in black holes and cosmology,the quantization problem, the dark matter, and the dark energy problems. Therefore, the testing of gravity in various environments is one of the most important tasks for physics and astronomy. The discovery of gravitational-wave(GW)events by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory(LIGO) and other detectors provides a novel way to realize it. Different from other methods, the GWs generated by the coalescence of compact binaries are currently the unique detected GW sources, providing a novel probe to test gravitational theory in the strong gravitational field environment for the first time. The key role of gravity testing is to compare general relativity and other modified gravitational theories through the observational data, to obtain falsification of the theory or constraints of model parameters. In this review, we focus on this type of GW source and combine the observation results of current ground-based laser interferometer GW detectors to introduce the basic methods of using GWs to test gravity, as well as the measurement accuracy that may be obtained at present or in the future. Firstly, we briefly introduce the calculation method of GW waveforms of compact binary mergers in the general gravitational theory. We present the main characters of GWs in general relativity and the possible deviations in the modified gravities. Then, we introduce two different testing methods: The model-dependent method and the model-independent method. The former one can test the gravitational theories by calculating the explicit GW waveforms in various theories, and compare them with the observational data to constrain or falsify the corresponding gravitational theories. The latter can test some specific features of gravity with observational data, and the results can be u

关 键 词：引力波 引力检验 广义相对论 修改引力 

分 类 号：P142.84[天文地球—天体物理] O412.1[天文地球—天文学]