长期施肥对黄土旱塬麦田土壤团聚体及有机碳组分的影响  

Effects of long-term fertilization on the soil aggregates and organic carbon components in wheat fields of Loess Plateau

作　　者：宋红梅 吴昕阳 石馨晔 王灏滢 员明鑫 徐占军[1] 李廷亮[1,3] 马红梅 SONG Hongmei;WU Xinyang;SHI Xinye;WANG Haoying;YUN Mingxin;XU Zhanjun;LITingliang;MA Hongmei(College of Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China;School of Geographical Sciences,Shanxi Normal University,Taiyuan 030031,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of High Quality and Efficient Production of Characteristic Crops on Loess Plateau,Taigu 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学资源环境学院,太谷030801 [2]山西师范大学地理科学学院,太原030031 [3]黄土高原特色作物优质高效生产省部共建协同创新中心,太谷030801

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2024年第4期726-734,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42377356);山西省科技创新人才团队专项(202304051001042);山西省高等学校大学生创新创业训练计划项目(20230171);山西省基础研究计划项目(20210302123403);黄土高原特色作物优质高效生产省部共建协同创新中心基金项目(SBGJXTZX-25)资助。

摘　　要：加强农田土壤有机碳(soil organic carbon,SOC)固存和团聚体稳定性对土壤肥力提升及农业低碳绿色发展具有重要意义.基于晋南旱塬冬小麦8年定位试验,研究不施肥(CK)、常规施肥(FP)、测控施肥(OF)、测控+有机肥(OFM)和测控+生物有机肥(OFB)5种施肥措施下土壤团聚体分布和有机碳组分变化特征.结果表明:不同施肥处理土壤团聚体均以2-0.25 mm和0.25-0.053 mm粒径含量最高,以>2 mm粒径含量最低;不同施肥处理均提高了土壤团聚体的水稳定性及其有机碳含量,且以OFM和OFB处理效果最为显著;不同施肥处理SOC亦主要集中在2-0.25 mm和0.25-0.053 mm团聚体中,对SOC贡献率达72.97%-76.65%.OFB和OFM处理更有利于有机碳向粒径大的团聚体迁移,提高了2-0.25 mm大团聚体结合有机碳含量,且主要提高了轻组有机碳(light fraction organic carbon,LFOC)的含量.长期单施化肥(OF和FP)加速了胡敏素碳(humin carbon,HUC)的分解,降低了SOC的腐殖化程度,不利于有机碳固存,而测控配施(生物)有机肥(OFM、OFB)均提高了土壤富里酸碳(fulvic acid carbon,FAC)、胡敏酸碳(humic acid carbon,HAC)和HUC的含量,且HAC含量高于FAC含量,这有利于增强土粒的团聚作用.冗余分析结果表明SOC与LFOC、FAC和HAC等碳组分含量均呈明显正相关性,与土壤大团聚体(>2 mm和2-0.25 mm团聚体)含量和土壤几何平均直径(geometric mean diameter,GMD)水稳定性指标呈正相关性,SOC和HAC是影响土壤团聚体粒级分布及稳定性的重要因素.总体上,不同施肥处理均提高了土壤团聚体的稳定性和各粒径团聚体SOC含量,而有机无机肥配施更大程度提高了大团聚体(2-0.25 mm)含量及其总有机碳和有机碳组分含量,进而提升了土壤团聚体的水稳定性.(图4表5参45)Enhancing the soil organic carbon(SOC)pool and aggregate stability is of great significance for fertility and low-carbon green agricultural development.This study aimed to investigate the effects of five different fertilizers on the characteristics of soil aggregate attribution and carbon component changes based on data from the dryland winter wheat growing area in southern Shanxi Province,China.Five treatments were used:no fertilization(CK),conventional fertilization(FP),optimized fertilizer(OF),optimized fertilizer+organic fertilizer(OFM),and optimized fertilizer+biological organic fertilizer(OFB).The results showed that the predominant size fractions were large macroaggregates(2-0.25 mm)and macroaggregates(0.25-0.053 mm)in different fertilization treatments,and the lowest content was found in the>2 mm fraction.All fertilization treatments improved soil water-stable aggregates and SOC,with the most significant effects observed in the OFM and OFB treatments.SOC in different fertilization treatments was mainly distributed in the 2-0.25 mm and 0.25-0.053 mm fractions of aggregates,accounting for approximately 72.97%-76.65% of the total SOC content.The OFB and OFM treatments were more conducive to the migration of organic carbon to larger aggregates,and the SOC content of the 2-0.25 mm fractions increased,as did the content of the light fraction organic carbon(LFOC).The long-term application of chemical fertilizers(OF and FP),which accelerate the decomposition of humic carbon(HUC)and reduce the humification of SOC,was not conducive to organic carbon sequestration.However,the contents of fulvic acid carbon(FAC),humic acid carbon(HAC),and HUC in the original soil increased in the OFM and OFB treatments,and the content of HAC was higher than that of FAC,which promoted the formation of soil aggregates.Redundancy analysis showed that SOC was positively correlated with LFOC,FAC,and HAC,and positively correlated with the content of soil macroaggregates(>2 mm and 2-0.25 mm fraction).Soil geometric mean diameter(GMD),SOC,an

关 键 词：黄土旱塬 麦田 土壤团聚体 有机碳组分 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学] S152.4[农业科学—农业基础科学]