长白山区3种类型天然次生林乔木层物种组成和群落结构特征  

Tree species composition and community structure of the arbor layer of three types of natural secondary forests in Changbai mountain area

作　　者：孙越 王清玉 刘志宇 张忠辉[2,4] 许中旗 罗也[2,4] 刘婷 张大伟 程福山[5] 何怀江 SUN Yue;WANG Qingyu;LIU Zhiyu;ZHANG Zhonghui;XU Zhongqi;LUO Ye;LIU Ting;ZHANG Dawei;CHENG Fushan;HE Huaijiang(College of Forestry,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071066,China;Jilin Provincial Academy of Forestry Sciences,Changchun 130013,China;College of Forestry,Beihua University,Jilin 132013,China;Jilin Province Degraded Forest Ecosystem Restoration and Reconstruction Interregional Cooperation Science and Technology Innovation Center,Changchun 130033,China;College of Forestry,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学林学院,保定071066 [2]吉林省林业科学研究院,长春130013 [3]北华大学林学院,吉林132013 [4]吉林省退化森林生态系统恢复与重建跨区域合作科技创新中心,长春130013 [5]北京林业大学林学院,北京100083

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2024年第4期743-749,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：吉林省科技发展计划项目(20220202097NC,20210508012RQ,20200602006ZP)资助。

摘　　要：长白山区是中国东北地区生物多样性最丰富的地区之一.为全面系统了解长白山区不同林分类型的物种组成和群落结构,通过卫星网络布点,在长白山地区设置面积为0.1 hm^(2)的样地71块,将全部样地分为阔叶杂木林、针阔混交林和蒙古栎纯林3种林分.对3种林分内物种区系特征、物种组成、径级结构、重要值和物种多样性等进行计算分析,结果表明长白山地区有48个物种,隶属于13科28属,物种组成丰富.该区域属于以北温带和北温带与南温带间断分布为主的植物区系类型,以紫椴、色木槭、春榆、白桦和蒙古栎为主要树种,重要值均>5;各样地内所有独立个体的径级分布均呈现出倒“J”形分布,表现为典型的异龄林结构,整体林分结构较为稳定.对长白山区3种主要林型物种多样性分析得出,群落整体物种多样性指数较高,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为针阔混交林(3.093)>阔叶杂木林(2.861)>蒙古栎纯林(0.502).针阔混交林多样性指数均高于阔叶杂木林和蒙古栎纯林,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数分别为3.093、0.942、0.856,物种最丰富.可见长白山区域森林径阶结构合理,还未演替到稳定的顶极群落状态,物种多样较高,物种丰富.(图4表4参44)The Changbai Mountains region is one of the most biologically diverse areas in northeastern China.To gain a comprehensive understanding of the species composition and community structure across different forest types in this region,our study strategically established 71 plots,each covering an area of 0.1 hm^(2),utilizing a satellite network for sampling.These plots were categorized into three main forest types:mixed broad-leaved forest,mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest,and Quercus mongolica pure forest.Our analysis revealed a rich diversity of species comprising 48 species from 13 families and 28 genera.Notably,the flora of the region exhibited a distribution pattern characterized by north temperate and a discontinuity between the southern and northern temperate zones.Key tree species,such as Tilia amurensis,Acer mono,Ulmus pumila,Betula platyphylla and Quercus mongolica,all demonstrated high importance values>5.Furthermore,the diameter class distribution of individual trees within each plot followed a reverse“J”pattern,indicative of a typical unevenaged forest structure,contributing to overall forest stability.Analysis of species diversity within the three primary forest types revealed that the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest exhibited the highest overall species diversity,followed by the broad-leaved mixed forest and Quercus mongolica pure forest.Specifically,the Shannon-Wiener,Simpson,and Pielou indices underscored the superior richness of the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest,with values of 3.093,0.942,and 0.856,respectively.This highlights the region’s remarkable forest structure,characterized by a high degree of species diversity and richness.However,it remains in the process of ecological succession towards a stable climax community state.

关 键 词：物种组成 群落结构 天然次生林 长白山区 

分 类 号：S718.54[农业科学—林学]