22种春季开花的常用行道树种的致敏花粉形态特征  

Morphological characteristics of allergenic pollen from 22 commonly used spring-flowering street tree species

作　　者：宗桦[1] 曹芷萌 李梦霞 唐琪 陈文凯 李秀 ZONG Hua;CAO Zhimeng;LI Mengxia;TANG Qi;CHEN Wenkai;LI Xiu(Department of Landscape Architecture,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 611756,China;Chengdu Botanical Garden and Chengdu Park Urban Institute of Plant Science,Chengdu 610000,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学风景园林系,成都611756 [2]成都市植物园暨成都市公园城市植物科学研究院,成都610000

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2024年第4期759-766,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(32271945)资助。

摘　　要：树木花粉是我国春季最常见的致敏花粉原,是诱发市民过敏的最主要原因之一.为揭示致敏园林树种的花粉形态的个性与共性,对成都市常用的22种春季开花且花粉致敏的行道树种展开花粉形态研究.采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对致敏花粉进行形态观察与测量,借助主成分分析和聚类分析比较致敏花粉形态上的异同点.结果显示:(1)22个树种的致敏花粉的大小指数(sizeindex,SI)波动于13.43-51.10μm之间,小型和中型花粉合计占比94.45%.其中,池杉(Taxodium distichum var.imbricatum)和马尾松(Pinus massoniana)花粉的个体大小差异最大,而枫杨(Pterocarya stenoptera)花粉的个体大小最为稳定.(2)22个致敏树种的花粉形状以长球形(占比45.45%)和近球形(占比36.36%)为主且轮廓线流畅而适于飘散,仅有刺柏(Juniperus formosana)的花粉为球形;并且72.73%的花粉为等极类型.(3)22种花粉中,16种花粉具萌发孔结构,其中有超过50%的花粉为3孔沟类型,进化程度均较高.花粉的外壁纹饰差异较大,多为模糊稀疏的颗粒状(36.36%)和瘤状(27.27%),且均没有明显的次级雕纹.银杏(Ginkgo biloba)、刺柏(J.formosana)和木麻黄(Casuarina equisetifolia)的花粉外形最为特殊;被子植物中桑(Morus alba)和构(Broussonetia papyrifera)的花粉与裸子植物最为相似.总体而言,22种致敏花粉的形状特征都趋向于形态小、圆润、散播阻力小、3孔沟结构占比高等特点,进化程度很高,以上共性特征可为初步鉴定园林树种的花粉致敏风险提供孢粉学依据.(图7表4参30)Tree pollen is the most common allergenic pollen in China and one of the most important causes of allergies induced in humans during spring.To reveal the individuality and commonality of allergenic pollen shape,pollen morphology studies were carried out on 22 spring-flowering street tree species with allergenic pollen widely planted in Chengdu City.Allergenic pollen was observed and measured using a light microscope and scanning electron microscope.To compare the similarities and differences in the morphology of allergenic pollen,the size index(SI)was analyzed using principal component and cluster analyses.Results showed SI values of allergenic pollen from the 22 tree species arranged from 13.43μm to 51.10μm,and small and moderate-sized pollen together accounted for 94.45% of the total.The pollen of Taxodium distichum var.imbricatum and Pinus massoniana had the largest variation in individual size,whereas the pollen of Pterocarya stenoptera had the most stable individual size.Pollen shapes of the 22 allergic tree species were predominantly prolate(45.45%)or subspheroidal(36.36%).Juniperus formosana was the only species in which the pollen was spherical.72.73%of the pollens belonged to the equipolar type.Among the 22 allergenic pollens,16 pollen have apertures,of which more than 50%are tricolporate type.The exine sculpture of allergenic pollen varied greatly,with mostly vague and sparse granulata(36.36%)and verrucose(27.27%)sculptures;none of them had obvious secondary sculptures.Principal component analysis and cluster analysis of pollen morphology showed that the pollen of Ginkgo biloba,J.formosana,and Casuarina equisetifolia had the most specialized shapes.The pollen shapes of Morus alba and Broussonetia papyrifera in the Angiospermae were most similar to those in the Gymnospermae.In conclusion,the 22 allergenic pollen grains were highly evolved,and their shape features tended to be characterized by small and round shapes,low dispersal resistance,and a high percentage of the tricolporate type.These common cha

关 键 词：行道树 花粉形态 共性特征 花粉过敏 

分 类 号：S687.1[农业科学—观赏园艺]