杂环芳纶基气凝胶纤维的制备与性能研究  

Preparation and properties of heterocyclic aramid aerogel fibers

作　　者：张法英 王彦[1] 胡祖明[1] 于俊荣[1] ZHANG Faying;WANG Yan;HU Zuming;YU Junrong(State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials,College of Materials Science and Engineering,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620)

机构地区：[1]东华大学材料科学与工程学院材料纤维改性重点实验室,上海201620

出　　处：《合成纤维工业》2024年第5期44-49,共6页China Synthetic Fiber Industry

摘　　要：以5(6)-氨基-2-(4-氨基苯)苯并咪唑(PABZ)、对苯二甲酰氯(TPC)为原料合成含有咪唑基团的杂环芳纶聚合物(PABI),然后以PABI/金属钴离子(Co^(2+))溶液作为纺丝液,质量比为955的N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)/过氧化氢(H_(2)O_(2))混合溶液作为凝固浴,通过氧化还原湿法纺丝和冷冻干燥制得PABI基气凝胶纤维,研究了不同固含量(以质量分数计)的PABI/Co^(2+)纺丝液制备的气凝胶纤维的化学结构、微观形貌、比表面积和孔结构、力学性能、热稳定性。结果表明:PABI和Co^(2+)之间的弱配位相互作用使纺丝溶液具有良好的流动性和可纺性,能快速均匀地氧化成具有均匀三维交联网络结构的纤维,且网络结构比较密实;当纺丝液中咪唑基团/Co^(2+)摩尔比为7:1时,PABI/Co^(2+)纺丝液的损耗模量和储能模量均较大,可提供较佳的交联点密度,以保持气凝胶纤维均匀的介孔结构和高的强度;当PABI/Co^(2+)纺丝液固含量为6%时,制备得到的气凝胶纤维的比表面积为127.51 m^(2)/g,孔隙率为81.41%,拉伸强度为(11.19±0.47)MPa,具有较高的孔隙率、比表面积及良好的力学性能;气凝胶纤维的最大热分解温度为554.58℃,与PABI接近,且热分解残碳含量高于PABI,具有较好的热稳定性。The heterocyclic aramid polymer containing imidazole group(PABI)was synthesized with 5(6)-amino-2-(4-aminobenzene)benzimidazole(PABZ)and terephthaloyl chloride(TPC)as raw materials and was then produced into PABI/metal cobalt ion(Co^(2+))aerogel fiber by redox-responsive wet spinning and freeze-drying using PABI/Co^(2+)solution as spinning solution and the mixture of solution N,N-dimethylacetamide(DMAc)/hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))with a mass ratio of 955 as coagulation bath.The chemical structure,micro morphology,specific surface area and pore structure,mechanical properties and thermal stability of aerogel fibers prepared with different solid content(by mass fraction)of PABI/CO^(2+)spinning solution were studied.The results showed that the weak coordination interaction between PABI and Co^(2+)contributed good fluidity and spinnability to the spinning solution,which can quickly and uniformly oxidize into a fiber with relatively dense three-dimensional cross-linked network structure;when the molar ratio of imidazole group to Co^(2+)was 7:1 in the spinning solution,the loss modulus and storage modulus of the PABI/Co^(2+)spinning solution were both relatively high,which can provide a fairly rational density of cross-linking points to maintain the uniform mesoporous structure and high strength of the aerogel fiber;the aerogel fiber prepared had a specific surface area of 127.51 m^(2)/g,porosity of 81.41%and breaking strength of(11.19±0.47)MPa,indicating a high porosity and specific surface area and fairly good mechanical properties,when the solid content of PABI/CO^(2+)spinning solution was 6%;and the maximum thermal decomposition temperature of aerogel fiber was 554.58℃,which was close to that of PABI,and the residual carbon content was higher than that of PABI after thermal decomposition,indicating a good thermal stability.

关 键 词：杂环芳纶 氧化还原湿法纺丝 气凝胶纤维 力学性能 比表面积 孔隙率 

分 类 号：TQ342.73[化学工程—化纤工业]