高强铝合金焊接对板材性能的影响  

Effect of High-strength Aluminum Alloy Welding on the Properties of Aluminum Alloy Plate

作　　者：王千瑞 居晓锋 李振华 陈春鑫 周枫 毕建国 WANG Qianrui;JU Xiaofeng;LI ZhengHua;CHEN Chunxin;ZHOU Feng;BI Jianguo(Hahansuo Huatong Welding Industry Co.,Ltd.,Changzhou 213102,China;Changzhou Quantong Special Welding Materials Co.,Ltd.,Changzhou 213107,China)

机构地区：[1]哈焊所华通(常州)焊业股份有限公司,江苏常州213102 [2]常州全通特种焊材有限公司,江苏常州213107

出　　处：《电焊机》2024年第10期116-123,共8页Electric Welding Machine

摘　　要：高强铝合金板在焊接过程中,热影响区的存在会导致板材性能下降,影响其使用寿命。为了探究温度试验对高强铝合金板的影响,并优化焊接工艺参数与板材选型,对热影响区的温度变化梯度与层间温度进行了系统研究。采用局部加热、匀质化受热模拟和热影响区层间温度模拟三种方法,分别对高强铝合金板进行受热模拟试验,并对比分析不同温度下板材的显微硬度、强度、延伸率、显微组织和晶粒尺寸等性能指标。研究发现,高强铝合金板的硬度随温度升高而先升高后降低,500℃是固溶强化的拐点温度。固溶处理可以增强板材的力学性能,但过长的固溶时间会导致晶粒粗大,降低强化效果。焊接过程中,热影响区对板材性能的影响范围约为6 mm,超过9 mm范围外,板材性能呈梯度分布。通过局部受热模拟工艺的调整,可以使焊接过程中呈现梯度分布的热场能量得到均质化处理,从而获得焊后性能分布优良的铝合金板材。High-strength aluminum alloy plates can experience a decrease in performance and a reduction in service life due to the presence of the heat-affected zone(HAZ)during the welding process.To investigate the effects of temperature testing on high-strength aluminum alloy plates and to optimize welding process parameters and plate selection,a systematic study was conducted on the temperature gradient in the HAZ and the interlayer temperature.Three methods were employed for heating simulation tests on the high-strength aluminum alloy plates:local heating,homogenized heating simulation,and interlayer temperature simulation in the HAZ.Comparative analyses were conducted on the microhardness,strength,elongation,microstructure,and grain size of the plates at different temperatures.The study found that the hardness of the high-strength aluminum alloy plates first increased and then decreased with the rise in temperature,with 500℃being the inflection point temperature for solid solution strengthening.Solid solution treatment could enhance the mechanical properties of the plates,but excessively long solution treatment times could lead to coarse grains and reduce the strengthening effect.During welding,the HAZ affected the plate properties within approximately 6 mm,and beyond 9 mm,the plate properties exhibited a gradient distribution.Adjusting the local heating simulation process could homogenize the gradient distribution of thermal field energy during welding,resulting in aluminum alloy plates with excellent post-welding performance distribution.

关 键 词：高强铝合金 受热模拟 热影响区 温度试验 焊接工艺 

分 类 号：TG457.14[金属学及工艺—焊接]