推动缓和:卡内基基金会对华资助活动及其影响(1949—1979)  

Promoting Détente: Carnegie Foundation of New York’s Grant on China and Its Impact (1949-1979)

作　　者：臧震 Zang Zhen

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《世界历史评论》2024年第3期202-220,M0006,M0007,共21页The World History Review

基　　金：国家社科基金重大招标项目“美国的非政府组织与东西方冷战研究”(项目编号:17ZDA224)的阶段性成果;国家留学基金委项目“2020年国家建设高水平大学公派研究生”资助。

摘　　要：20世纪50—70年代是中美从对抗走向缓和的历史时期,卡内基基金会在这一时期利用其资助对中美关系发挥了独特的作用。在中美激烈对抗的50年代,卡内基基金会首次在全美范围资助高中开展汉语教育,这为中美关系发展提供了前瞻性的语言人才储备。在中美持续对抗的60年代,卡内基基金会资助美国的中国研究者采取“近距离”的新方式开展研究并影响了美国社会的对华认知。70年代,中美关系逐步走向正常化,卡内基基金会资助中美交流,为推动两国人民增进了解、增强互信做出了贡献。尽管卡内基基金会的资助在助推中美关系良性发展的过程中发挥了重要作用,但其根本目的是维护美国的国家利益及其全球霸主地位。The 1950s to 1970s was a historical period in which China-U.S.relations shifted from Confrontation to Détente.At this time,the Carnegie Foundation of New York played a distinctive role in influencing China-U.S.relations through its grant on China.During the period of intense confrontation between the China and United States in the 1950s,Carnegie Foundation was the first one to fund Chinese Language Education in high schools across the U.S.,providing the forward-looking reserve of linguistic talent for China-U.S.relations’development.As the ongoing confrontation between the U.S.and China in the 1960s,Carnegie Foundation funded American Chinese scholars to adopt a“Study in Close”approach in research,which impacted American society’s perception of China.Since China-U.S.relations moved toward normalization in the 1970s,Carnegie Foundation funded exchanges activities between China and United States,contributing to fostering mutual understanding and trust on their peoples.Although Carnegie Foundation played an important part on promoting the positive development of China-U.S.relations,its fundamental objective was to safeguard U.S.national interests and its global hegemonic position.

关 键 词：卡内基基金会 中美关系 汉语教学 新中国研究 中美交流 

分 类 号：K27[历史地理—历史学]