中世纪阿拉伯思想家马瓦尔迪的哈里发制思想论析  

The Caliphate Thought of Abu al-Hassan al-Mawardi

作　　者：顾恺琴 Gu Kaiqin

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《世界历史评论》2024年第3期245-256,M0007,M0008,共14页The World History Review

基　　金：国家社科基金重大招标项目“中东现代民族和国家构建的多维比较研究(多卷本)”(项目编号:20&ZD240);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助、陕西师范大学博士自由探索项目“哈里发学说发展史研究”(项目编号:2021TS053)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在中世纪阿拉伯政治思想发展历程中,阿拔斯王朝马瓦尔迪的哈里发制思想,起到了承上启下的重要作用。它既延续了古典阿拉伯政治思想的唯理想主义与复古主义传统,亦在阿拔斯王朝哈里发大权旁落、理论创制僵化等现实背景下,呈现出平衡传统理想制度与政治现实需要的思想特征。该特征主要体现在“哈里发理想权威人格与罢黜原则并重”“独一王权与强权势力共存”“协商推举传统与世袭继承制度结合”三个层面。马瓦尔迪的哈里发制思想对理想制度与现实问题的调和方式,为其同时代及后世学者带来了启发,在一定程度上促进了中世纪阿拉伯政治思想研究的成熟与嬗变。The caliphate thought of Abu al-Hassan al-Mawardi,who is a Sunni jurist in the Abbasid Caliphate,played an important role in linking the preceding and the following in the history of the development of Arab political thought.The political theory of al-Mawardi not only continued the idealism and revivalism in the traditional Arab political thought,but also presented the features of balancing the relationship between the traditional ideal system and the needs of political reality,mainly including the following three aspects“:the perfect Authoritarian personality of the caliph and the deposing system were regarded as equally important”“,the only caliphate and the emirate which was concluded under compulsion coexisted in the same”,and“the system of electoral and the hereditary monarchy worked together”.The caliphate thought of al-Mawardi reconciled the contradiction between religious ideals and political realities,which inspired the scholars,and promoted the development and transformation of Arab political theory.

关 键 词：马瓦尔迪 哈里发 阿拉伯政治思想 阿拔斯王朝 

分 类 号：D091[政治法律—政治学] K13[历史地理—历史学]