萌发菌栽培种菌种块大小对天麻有性繁殖的影响  

Effect of Germinating Culture Seed Block Size on Sexual Reproduction of Gastrodia elata

作　　者：王彩云 成忠均 朱艳柳 柳敏 侯俊 徐庆祝 周茂嫦 周雪 张翔宇[1] Wang Caiyun;Cheng Zhongjun;Zhu Yanliu;Liu Min;Hou Jun;Xu Qingzhu;Zhou Maochang;Zhou Xue;Zhang Xiangyu(Bijie Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Bijie 551700,China;Nansha Research Institute,Sun Yat‑sen University,Guangzhou 511458,China;Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Dafang County,Bijie 551700,China;School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Sun Yat‑sen University,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]毕节市中药研究所,贵州毕节551700 [2]中山大学南沙研究院,广东广州511458 [3]大方县农业农村局,贵州毕节551700 [4]中山大学药学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《中国野生植物资源》2024年第9期71-78,共8页Chinese Wild Plant Resources

基　　金：贵州省科研机构创新能力建设专项(黔科合服企[2020]4012);贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2024]一般108);贵州省人才基地建设项目(RCJD2020-21);毕节市创新平台建设项目(毕科合[2022]10号);毕节市第三批人才团队“优势中药材创新人才团队”(毕委人领办通[2023]16号)。

摘　　要：目的:研究不同粒径萌发菌生产种对二次萌发状态、各级天麻产量、有效成分含量等的影响。方法:将萌发菌栽培种处理成不同大小的颗粒,与天麻花粉种子进行拌种,二次萌发后采用固定菌床方式栽培,采收后分析各级天麻产量、农艺性状、有效成分含量,并进行相关性分析及主成分分析。结果:萌发菌粒径为3~4.5 cm时,二次萌发凝结成块、不易散结、菌丝致密、洁白、芳香味浓郁,且天麻产量较高,生长状态较好。粒径为4.5 cm时,总产量最高,按统货价格计算此时的总产值最高;粒径为6 cm时,一级天麻重量最大,为373.67 g,占比最高,达29.97%;按分级销售,萌发菌粒径为4.5 cm时,商品麻总产值最高。对比统货与分级销售价格发现,分级销售后产值增加16.84~61.59元/m^(2),当粒径为6 cm时,销售产值增加值最大,为61.59元/m^(2)。随萌发菌粒径增大,商品麻平均单重、长度、宽度、厚度、箭芽长度、点状横环纹环数均呈逐渐增大的趋势,长宽比则逐渐减小,天麻素与对羟基苯甲醇总含量呈先增加后减小的趋势,当粒径为3 cm时达到最大值;巴利森苷类总含量呈先增加后减小的趋势,当粒径为1.5 cm时呈现最大值。Pearson相关性分析发现,天麻单重与块茎长度、宽度、厚度呈极显著正相关,与长宽比呈极显著负相关。主成分分析结果显示,前3个主成分的累积方差贡献率为92.015%。结论:天麻有性繁殖时,萌发菌粒径大小在3~4.5 cm时较为适宜,此时的经济效益及有效成分含量较高。Objective:To study the effect of different particle sizes of sprouting fungus on the secondary sprouting status,the yield of different grades of Gastrodia elata and the content of effective components.Methods:The sprouting fungus cultivation seeds were broken into different sizes,and mixed with pollen seeds.After secondary sprouting,the fixed bed cultivation method was used for cultivation.After the all G.elata were harvested,whose parameters were analyzed including the yield of different grades of G.elata,agronomic traits,and content of effective components.Furthermore,the correlation and principal component of G.elata were analysed.Results:When the particle size of germinating bacteria was 3~4.5 cm,whose the secondary germination arised the different states including the blocks,the compact hyphae,the white,the high yield and the strong aroma.When the particle size was 4.5 cm,the total yield and the total output value were the highest.When the particle size was 6 cm,the weight of grade 1 G.elata was the highest at 373.67 g,accounting for the highest proportion at 29.97%.In terms of graded sales,the total production of commercial grade G.elata was highest when the particle size of the sprouting fungus was 4.5 cm.Comparing the market prices,it was found that the value of commercial grade G.elata was higher after graded sales.For the same treatment,the sales value increased by 16.84~61.59 yuan/m^(2) after graded sales,and the increase in sales value was highest for a particle size of 6 cm,reaching 61.59 yuan/m2.With the increase in particle size of the sprouting fungus,the average weight,length,width,thickness,number of point-like transverse rings and arrow bud length of commercial grade G.elata showed a gradual increase,while the length-width ratio gradually decreased.The content of gastrodin and total hydroxybenzyl alcohol showed an increasing trend followed by a decreasing trend,reaching the maximum value at a particle size of 3 cm.The total content of balioside showed an increasing trend followed by a decreasin

关 键 词：天麻 石斛小菇 有性繁殖 多指标定量 产量 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]