适应新型电力系统的电力互替品市场——(二)商品形态及形成机理  

Substitute Power Product Market Suitable for New Power System-Part Two Product Form and Its Formation Mechanism

作　　者：何光宇[1,2] 肖居承 范帅 石智豪 严正 李祖毅[3] HE Guangyu;XIAO Jucheng;FAN Shuai;SHI Zhihao;YAN Zheng;LI Zuyi(Key Laboratory of Control of Power Transmission and Conversion,Ministry of Education(Shanghai Jiao Tong University),Shanghai 200240,China;Shanghai Non-carbon Energy Conversion and Utilization Institute,Shanghai 200240,China;College of Electrical Engineering,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,China)

机构地区：[1]电力传输与功率变换控制教育部重点实验室(上海交通大学),上海市200240 [2]上海非碳基能源转换与利用研究院,上海市200240 [3]浙江大学电气工程学院,浙江省杭州市310027

出　　处：《电力系统自动化》2024年第19期28-39,共12页Automation of Electric Power Systems

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2019YFE0122600)。

摘　　要：当前的电力现货市场基础理论是在新能源占比极低情况下提出的,其所依据的“分时交易”假设无法适应新型电力系统新能源占比日渐趋高、调节需求日益增加的新情况。为此,文中舍弃“分时交易”的基本假设,将功率曲线作为有机整体进行交易,探讨商品形态及形成机理。首先,分析对比“分时交易”与系列论文提出的“整体交易”中商品的形态,揭示“分时交易”中电力商品在各时段同质的假设在实际中不能成立的根本原因。其次,从市场组织者角度出发,探讨电力互替品的性质与形成过程,指出电力除具备生产使用价值外,还具有平衡价值,并定义互替电量、调节电量分别对这两种价值进行表征与量化。进而,从市场主体角度出发,以电力互替品的形成成本最小为目标,提出市场主体自主优化形成电力互替品的方法。进一步指出,各主体还可互补聚合形成电力互替品,适应海量分散的新型市场主体进入市场。最后,算例从量、质、价三个方面展示电力互替品的形成过程,分析了影响电力互替品形成成本的关键因素。电力互替品的形成过程,正是市场主体从计划式的“被动提供灵活性”变为市场化的“主动提供灵活性”的过程,也正是系统调节能力的挖掘提升过程。The current theoretical foundation of the electricity spot market was established when the proportion of renewable energy was very low.The“time-of-use trading”assumption that the theretical foundation relies upon is unable to adapt to the new situation where the renewable energy is increasingly dominant and the regulation demand is growing in new power systems.Therefore,this paper abandons the basic assumption of“time-of-use trading”and proposes the power curve as an organic whole for trading,exploring the product form and its formation mechanism.Firstly,the forms of products in the“time-of-use trading”and the“holistic trading”proposed in this series of papers are analyzed and compared,revealing the fundamental reason why the assumption of homogeneity in power goods across different time periods in“time-of-use trading”does not hold true in practice.Secondly,from the perspective of market organizers,the nature and formation process of substitute power products are explored.It is pointed out that electricity has not only production and usage value but also balancing value,and the concepts of“substitute energy”and“regulating energy”are defined to characterize and quantify these two values,respectively.Furthermore,from the perspective of market entities,aiming to minimize the formation cost of substitute power products,a method for market entities to autonomously optimize the formation of substitute power products is proposed.It further notes that market entities can complement and aggregate to form substitute power products,adapting to the entry of a vast number of new,decentralized market entities.Finally,a case demonstrates the formation process of substitute power products in terms of quantity,quality,and price,analyzing the key factors affecting the formation cost of substitute power products.The formation process of substitute power products represents a shift for market entities from a planned“passive provision of flexibility”to a market-oriented“active provision of flexibilit

关 键 词：新型电力系统 电力现货市场 整体交易 电力互替品 调节容量 互替电量 新能源 

分 类 号：TM73[电气工程—电力系统及自动化] F426.61[经济管理—产业经济]