马克思生产劳动视域下的生产结构变迁——基于数字零工视角  

Changes in Production Structure from the Perspective of Marx's Productive Labor——Besed on Digital Gig Perspective

作　　者：刘勇 项楠 Liu Yong;Xiang Nan

机构地区：[1]武汉科技大学马克思主义学院 [2]武汉大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《财经科学》2024年第9期43-55,共13页Finance & Economics

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“中国共产党经济理论创新的百年道路与经验总结研究”(项目号21JZD008);吉林财经大学全国中国特色社会主义政治经济学研究中心科研项目重点课题“新发展阶段坚持和完善中国特色社会主义经济制度研究”(2022WZD009)的阶段成果。

摘　　要：数字零工已成为数字时代劳动新形式。马克思生产劳动理论表明,生产性劳动包括雇佣下的直接生产过程,以及生产过程延伸的运输过程;而非生产性劳动主要是流通领域的价值实现和分割劳动形式。现阶段,平台经济主导下零工就业日渐增长,其中:生产性数字零工表现为直接生产劳动的剩余价值模块化创造过程;运输性零工是运输业劳动的剩余价值创造过程;非生产性数字零工则发挥实现与分割剩余价值的作用。伴随着数字经济的壮大,生产结构日渐呈现出两类变迁趋势:劳动力从直接雇佣化向零工化变迁,直接生产性为主向运输性、非生产性并重变迁。立足中国实际,公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展,私有制的平台经济将在很长时间、很大范围内存在,这种生产结构变迁也广泛存在于中国,因此,提出通过加快构建和完善新型生产结构下数字零工权益保障机制、三类劳动协调发展机制来实现雇工与零工,以及直接生产性、运输性与非生产性劳动协调发展的镜鉴启示。Digital gig has become a new form of labor in the digital age.Marx's theory of productive labor states that productive labor includes the direct production process under employment,as well as the transportation process that extends from the production pro-cess;Non productive labor mainly refers to the value realization and division of labor forms in the circulation field.At present,under the leadership of the platform economy,gig employment is growing day by day,among which:productive digital gig is manifested as the modular creation process of surplus value of direct production labor;Transportation gig workers are the process of creating sur-plus value from labor in the transportation industry;Non productive digital gig workers play a role in realizing and dividing surplus value.With the growth of the digital economy,the production structure is increasingly showing two trends of transformation:the shift of labor from direct employment to gig work,and the shiftfrom direct productivity to transportation and non productivity.Based on the reality of China,with public ownership as the mainstay and multiple forms of ownership developing together,the platform econo-my of private ownership will exist for a long time and on a large scale.This change in production structure is also widely present in China.Therefore,it is proposed to accelerate the construction and improvement of digital gig worker rights protection mechanisms and three types of labor coordinated development mechanisms under the new production structure to achieve the coordinated devel-opment of employees and gig workers,as well as direct production,transportation,and non production labor..

关 键 词：数字零工 生产结构变迁 生产劳动理论 两大趋势 

分 类 号：F014.2[经济管理—政治经济学]