20世纪90年代以来日本婚姻支援政策脉络分析与镜鉴  

The Analysis and Reflection on the Evolutionary Trajectory of Marriage Support Policies in Japan Since the 1990s

作　　者：李泽西 邓茹丹 LI Ze-xi;DENG Ru-dan(Institute of Sociology,Sichuan Academy of Social Sciences,Chengdu,610599,China;Faculty of Arts,University of Melbourne,Melbourne VIC3010,Australia)

机构地区：[1]四川省社会科学院社会学研究所,四川成都610599 [2]墨尔本大学文学院,维多利亚州墨尔本VIC3010

出　　处：《太原学院学报（社会科学版）》2024年第6期67-79,共13页Journal of Taiyuan University(Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：经济因素、社会支持变化与价值观的转变是日本晚婚化、不婚化的主要成因。20世纪90年代以来日本婚姻支援政策的演化可分为主辅两条脉络:以“育儿”为中心婚内支持的主脉络(1989年至今)和以“婚活”为焦点未婚支持的辅脉络(2007年至今)。日本婚姻支援政策的总体效果并不明显,主要面临政策目标评定深陷于认知困局、政策实施掣肘于性别文化体系、政策工具单一且政策效应式微、政策反馈滞后于婚育现象变化四个困境。基于日本婚姻支援政策脉络分析有四点启示:制定以合理均衡为政策思路的婚育政策,构设以性别平等为核心理念的婚恋文化,借鉴不同国家应对晚婚不婚策略的经验,推进晚婚不婚的预测性研究与建设机制。Economic factors,changes in social support,and shifts in values are the leading factors in delayed marriage and non-marriage in Japan.Since the 1990s,the evolutionary trajectory of marriage support policies in Japan can be delineated into two main streams:the primary focuses on intra-marital support centered around childcare(since1989)and the secondary focuses on support for unmarried individuals centered around konkatsu or marriage-seeking activities(since 2007).The policies are far from effective,mainly due to four dilemmas:policy objectives entrenched in cognitive biases,policy implementation constrained by gender cultural norms,limited efficacy of policy instruments,and policy feedback lagging behind changes in marriage and fertility behaviors.Drawing insights from the analysis of the issue,four key implications emerge:the development of marriage and fertility policies featured by balance,the establishment of a marriage culture founded on gender equality,the adaptation of strategies from various countries,and the promotion of predictive research and constructing mechanisms concerning delayed marriage and non-marriage phenomena.

关 键 词：日本 婚姻支援政策 婚姻政策 “婚活” 

分 类 号：C924.313[社会学—人口学] D731.3[政治法律—政治学]