2022年中国粮食损失浪费的资源环境效应评估  

Assessment of the resource and environmental effects of China’s grain loss and waste in 2022

作　　者：胡永浩 胡南燕 武拉平[1] HU Yonghao;HU Nanyan;WU Laping(College of Economics and Management,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学经济管理学院,北京100083

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2024年第9期12-19,共8页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家社会科学重大项目(22&ZD087)资助。

摘　　要：科学全面测度粮食损失浪费的资源环境效应,是制定优化节粮减损政策、推动可持续发展战略的基础。基于生命周期法、投入产出法和排放系数法,对2022年中国粮食损失浪费的资源环境效应以及节粮减损潜力下的资源环境效益进行评估。研究表明:1)2022年中国粮食损失浪费直接造成了17.30百万hm^(2)(10.18%)耕地、657.79亿m^(3)(10.97%)水资源以及大量化肥、农药、农膜等生产资源的浪费(直接效应)。2)粮食损失浪费还造成了其他部门煤炭、原油、电力等共计1304.03万t标准煤能源的间接浪费(间接效应)。3)综合来看,粮食损失浪费导致了12704.62万t二氧化碳当量的额外碳排放,相当于中国粮食生产碳排放总量的20%。4)若粮食损失浪费降低5.46%(静态预测潜力),则可以节约5.24百万hm^(2)耕地和181.06亿m^(3)水资源,减少199.35万t化肥等农用物资投入和386.61万t标准煤能源消耗,并相当于减少3766.60万t二氧化碳当量碳排放,从而获得巨大的资源环境效益。未来应当通过科技创新、宣传教育、法律规制等手段加强节粮减损工作,从而保障粮食安全、助力资源节约型和环境友好型社会建设。Scientific and comprehensive measurement of the resource and environmental impacts arising from grain loss and waste is the basis for devising policies aimed at optimizing grain conservation and mitigating losses,while advancing sustainable development strategies.Based on the Life Cycle Assessment method,input-output analysis,and emission coefficient method,the resource and environmental effects of China's grain loss and waste in 2022 and the resource and environmental benefits under the potential of grain saving and loss reduction are evaluated.The research reveals that:1)China's grain loss and waste have directly caused the production resources waste,which is equivalent to the annual wastes of 17.30 million hectares(10.18%)of cultivated land and 65.78 billion cubic meters(10.97%)of water resources,and have led to a large number of invalid inputs of agricultural materials such as chemical fertilizers,pesticides,and agricultural films.2)China's grain loss and waste have caused indirectly the waste of energy in other sectors,including a large number of coal,crude oil,and electricity,which is equivalent to a total of 13.04 million tons of standard coal energy.3)China's grain loss and waste have led to an additional carbon emissions of 127.05 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent,accounting for 20%of China's total carbon emissions from grain production.4)If the current potential reduction target(5.46%)can be achieved,it will save 5.24 million hectares of sowing land and 18.11 billion cubic meters of water,and reduce 1.99 million tons of fertilizer and other agricultural inputs,3.87 million tons of standard coal energy consumption,being equivalent to 37.67 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent carbon emissions,thereby obtaining huge resource and environmental benefits.In the future,we should strengthen the grain saving and loss reduction through scientific and technological innovation,publicity and education,legal regulation,and other means to ensure food security and build a resource-saving and environment-f

关 键 词：粮食损失浪费 资源环境效应 碳排放 粮食安全 

分 类 号：F307.11[经济管理—产业经济]