宋代官方的通信速度  

Official Communication Speed in the Song Dynasty

作　　者：程民生[1] Cheng Minsheng(School of History and Culture,Henan University,Kaifeng Henan,475001)

机构地区：[1]河南大学历史文化学院,河南开封475001

出　　处：《山东师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期59-72,F0002,共15页Journal of Shandong Normal University(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：宋代官方通信的设计速度,沿袭前代最快为日行500里。但始终未在现实中实现而习以为常,纵容了以后标准的下降。通信速度宋初最快,特殊者日行约450里,正常者不过约345里,其他军事紧急情报日均多在200余里和100余里,普通公文通常日均数十里。以后虽制度不断严格、复杂,但效率并没有提升,至北宋末明显下降。南宋长期处于战时状态,重要关头和重点热线,通信体系在官方强力建设下一度呈现应有的机敏,最快速度日均约318里。但最高日行350里的设计速度明显低于北宋,以及计算出的最快速度南宋始终没有达到北宋,整体上发生逆转,朝廷指令传到最远的广西需要半年乃至一年。作为官府的脉络系统,通信速度反映着朝廷政令运转效率和国运。The designated official communication speed in the Song Dynasty was stipulated to be 500 li per day,or approximately 250 kilometers,following the swiftest standards of preceding dynasties.However,this standard was never actually satisfied,which was taken for granted,leading to a gradual decline in the actual speed.In the early Song Dynasty,communication speeds were at their peak,with exceptional dispatches averaging approximately 450 li per day,while standard dispatches reached around 345 li.Military urgent messages surpassed 200 li per day,with some exceeding 100 li,and routine official documents typically traveled a mere several dozen li daily.Despite subsequent systems becoming more rigorous and intricate,operational efficacy did not witness improvements,but notably regressed by the end of the Northern Song Dynasty.The Southern Song Dynasty,amid prolonged wartime scenarios,invested heavily in establishing a responsive official communication system,showcasing a noteworthy peak daily average speed of approximately 318 li.However,the maximum designated speed of 350 li daily significantly lagged behind that of the Northern Song,and the actual fastest pace of the Southern Song never reached the heights of its predecessor.This reversal trend was stark,with court mandates taking up to half a year or even longer to reach regions like Guangxi,the furthest province from the imperial capital.As the governmental communication lifeline,communication speed serves as a mirror reflecting the operational efficiency of the court and the fortunes of the nation.

关 键 词：通信速度 信息传递 宋代 驿传 

分 类 号：K244[历史地理—历史学] K245[历史地理—中国史]