美国政府与1949年北平国共和平谈判  

The Attitude of the United States Government towards the Beiping Peace Negotiations in 1949

作　　者：张皓[1] Zhang Hao(School of History,Beijing Normal University,Beijing,100875)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学历史学院,北京100875

出　　处：《山东师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期49-62,F0002,共15页Journal of Shandong Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金重点项目“1949年北平国共和谈文献资料整理与研究”(22LSA024)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：1949年北平国共和平谈判,不仅对中国历史的发展而且对世界格局的变化均产生巨大影响,美国政府的政策因之发生变化。随着中国人民解放军在战略决战中取得巨大胜利,美国政府发起“和平攻势”,要求蒋介石退位、让李宗仁上位进行国共和谈。为了使中共同意举行和谈,美国政府企图通过联合国调停。为了阻止中共将革命进行到底,美国政府提出谈判“划江而治”和联合政府两大问题。中共反对“划江而治”和有反对派参加的联合政府,故美国的企图不可能得逞。美国政府见此,要求李宗仁拒绝接受国内和平协定最后修正案,其“和平攻势”转到竭力遏制新中国的政策上来。The Beiping peace negotiations between the Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party in 1949 had significant impacts on both the development of Chinese history and the changes in the world pattern,and the policies of the US government changed as a result.As the People's Liberation Army achieved a decisive victory in the strategic showdown,the US government launched “Peace Offensive”,calling for Chiang Kai-shek to retire from office and appoint Li Tsung-jen to exercise the duties and powers of the President to be in charge of the peace negotiations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party.Seeking to persuade the Communist Party to engage in talks,the US government attempted mediation through the United Nations.To prevent the Chinese Communist Party from carrying the revolution to the end,the US Government proposed two major issues of “Rule by the River” and a coalition government.Facing opposition from the Communist Party on these issues,the US government's efforts faltered.Seeing the clear attitude of the Chinese Communist Party,the US government demanded that Li Tsung-jen reject the final amendment to the domestic peace agreement and its “Peace offensive” shifted to a policy towards containment of the new China.

关 键 词：美国政府 北平国共和平谈判 “划江而治” 联合政府 

分 类 号：K266[历史地理—历史学]