五代墓志文“忠”观念之书写兼及唐宋间的思想转型  

The Concept of“Loyalty”in the Epitaphs of the Five Dynasties and the Ideological Transformation between the Tang and Song Dynasties

作　　者：仲昭龙 ZHONG Zhaoong(School of Literature,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学文学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《内蒙古民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第5期105-116,共12页Journal of Inner Mongolia Minzu University：Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

摘　　要：“忠”作为中国古代政治伦理与个人道德中的一种核心观念,自产生伊始就在调节国家政治、社会秩序中起到了重要作用。随着时代的演进,“忠”观念不断变易,发展出“单向忠诚观”“双向忠诚观”“多向忠诚观”等多种形态。五代社会在传统史传视域下是一个政治混乱、道德败坏的乱世,“忠”观念荡然无存,然而在五代墓志等出土文献之中,“忠”观念作为一种书写策略被反复提及,对墓主个人形象塑造起到了重要作用。“忠孝”并举、“履孝资忠”等书写模式反映了特定时代下“忠”观念的变易,“罄家输公”作为墓主“忠节”的具体体现,体现了君臣间“私”关系的维系,墓志中对“忠”的书写也渐渐从忠于国事转向忠于个人。五代墓志之“忠”一定程度上还原了五代的历史本相,有着特殊的认识价值。As a core concept in ancient Chinese political ethics and personal morality,“loyalty”has played a significant role in regulating national political and social order since its inception.Over time,the concept of“loyalty”evolved,developing various forms such as“one-way loyalty”“two-way loyalty”and“multi-directional loyalty”.Traditionally,the society of the Five Dynasties has been viewed as an era of political turmoil and moral decline,seemingly devoid of the concept of“loyalty”.However,in unearthed texts such as epitaphs from the Five Dynasties,“loyalty”is repeatedly mentioned as a rhetorical strategy,contributing significantly to shaping the personal image of the tomb owner.The writing patterns,such as“loyalty alongside fil-ial piety”and“filial piety supporting loyalty”,reflect the transformation of the concept of“loyalty”in this specific period.The phrase“sacrificing one’s family for the country”,which characterizes the loyalty of the tomb owner,highlights the maintenance of“private”relationships between rulers and ministers.In the epitaphs,the notion of“loyalty”gradually shifts from loyalty to the state to loyalty to individuals.The portrayal of“loyalty”in the epitaphs of the Five Dynasties provides a nuanced restora-tion of the historical reality of the period and holds particular cognitive value.

关 键 词：五代 墓志文 “忠”观念 书写策略 唐宋变革 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]