蚓粪、猪粪配施化肥对土壤质量、辣椒生长及品质的影响  

Effects of Vermicompost and Pig manure Combined with Chemical Fertilizers on Soil Quality, Growth and Quality of Peppers

作　　者：吴东阳 吴家欢 李伟志 黄志杰 杨春亚 陈火君[1,2] WU Dongyang;WU Jiahuan;LI Weizhi;HUANG Zhijie;YANG Chunya;CHEN Huojun(College of Resources and Environment,South China Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in South China,Ministry of Agriculture P.R.China,Guangzhou 510642,P.R.China;College of Resources and Environment,South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Land Use and Reconstruction,Guangzhou 510642,P.R.China;Agricultural Comprehensive Service Center of Zijin County,Heyuan 517400,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学资源环境学院/农业农村部华南耕地保育重点实验室,广东广州510642 [2]华南农业大学资源环境学院/广东省土地利用与整治重点实验室,广东广州510642 [3]紫金县农业综合服务中心,广东河源517400

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2024年第9期1416-1425,共10页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：阳春市绿色种养循环农业试点项目;“十四五”广东省农业科技创新十大主攻方向“揭榜挂帅”项目(2022SDZG07)。

摘　　要：粪肥还田是常见畜禽粪污资源化无害化的处理手段之一。深入讨论粪肥还田在特定农业生态系统中的应用效果,针对辣椒产地土壤结构破坏、肥力下降和辣椒减产的问题,同时比较蚯蚓粪和猪粪的施肥还田效果差异,开展田间试验探究猪粪、蚯蚓粪配施化肥对土壤质量、辣椒生长及品质的影响,以期为粪肥还田利用和培肥土壤提供数据支撑。试验设计6个不同处理:CK(不施肥处理)、CF1(农户习惯施肥)、OF(优化配方施肥)、VC1(蚯蚓粪+优化施肥85%N)、VC2(蚯蚓粪+优化施肥70%N)和PM(猪粪+优化施肥85%N)。主要结果如下:与不施肥和单施化肥相比,粪肥与化肥配施能有效改善土壤结构、显著优化土壤肥力,促进辣椒生长发育和品质。结合主成分分析,以隶属函数得分值最高的VC2处理改善土壤效果最好,使土壤容重降低了1.81%,土壤pH提高了7.20%,土壤有机质含量增加了101%,土壤铵态氮、硝态氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别增加了60.2%、209%、152%和192%。蚯蚓粪配施化肥明显促进了辣椒的生长发育,与CK相比VC2处理辣椒产量显著提高达到13.4t·hm^(-2),而且显著提高辣椒维生素C和可溶性糖含量。不同施肥处理对辣椒可溶性固形物含量变化无显著性影响(p>0.05)。蚯蚓粪替代30%化肥处理改善土壤质量、提高辣椒生长和品质的综合效果最佳。该研究为粤西地区的农业生产实践提供科学依据和理论基础,探究出同时兼顾土壤综合肥力、辣椒生长及品质的合理施肥方式,对提升农业生产效率、促进农业绿色发展具有重要作用。Returning manure to the fields is one of the most harmless treatment methods for livestock and poultry.It is important to discuss the effects of manure return on the fields in specific agricultural ecosystems.To address the problems of soil structure destruction,fertility decline,and pepper yield reduction,this study was conducted to compare the effects of vermicompost and pig manure fertilization on fields.Field experiments were conducted to explore the effects of pig manure and vermicompost combined with chemical fertilizers on soil quality,pepper growth,and quality,to provide data to support the return of manure to fields and soil fertilization.The experiment was designed using the following six treatments:CK(no fertilizer),CF1(farmers were accustomed to fertilization),OF(optimized formula fertilization),VC1(vermicompost+optimized fertilization with 85%N),VC2(vermicompost+optimized fertilization with 70%N),and PM(pig manure+optimized fertilization with 85%N).The main results are as follows:compared with no fertilizer or chemical fertilizer alone,the combined application of manure and chemical fertilizer can effectively improve soil structure,significantly optimize soil fertility,and promote the growth,development,and quality of peppers.Combined with the principal component analysis,VC2 treatment had the greatest effect on improving soil structure,reducing soil bulk density by 1.81%,increasing soil pH by 7.20%,and increasing soil organic matter content by 101%.The solid nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium content increased by 60.2%,209%,152%,and 192%,respectively.The application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizers significantly promoted the growth and development of pepper plants.Compared with CK,the yield of peppers treated with VC2 was significantly increased to 13.4 t·hm^(-2),and the vitamin C and soluble sugar contents of peppers were significantly increased.The different fertilization treatments had no significant effect on the soluble solid content of pepper(p>0.05).Therefore,repla

关 键 词：蚯蚓粪 土壤理化性质 辣椒 产量 果实品质 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学] X171.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]