考虑采空区稳定性的矿柱回采爆破参数的优化与应用  

Optimization and Application of Blasting Parameters for Pillar Recovery Considering Goaf Stability

作　　者：费鸿禄 陈坤 聂寒 袁立亮 FEI Honglu;CHEN Kun;NIE Han;YUAN Liliang(Institute of Blasting Technology,Liaoning Technical University,Liaoning Fuxin,123000)

机构地区：[1]辽宁工程技术大学爆破技术研究院,辽宁阜新123000

出　　处：《爆破器材》2024年第5期55-64,共10页Explosive Materials

摘　　要：为安全、高效地回收大型贯通采空区残留的厚大矿柱资源,应用LS-DYNA软件对炸药单耗和排间延时进行数值模拟并优化。依据Von Mises屈服准则,分析在不同炸药单耗和排间延时条件下孔底单元的等效应力、采空区底板单元的峰值等效应力和峰值振速。使用优化后的方案进行爆破,对采空区围岩进行爆破振动监测,分析采空区的稳定性。采用Split-Desktop 4.0软件对爆堆进行块度分析。结果显示:峰值等效应力和峰值振速均与炸药单耗正相关;排间延时对等效应力的影响不显著;峰值振速随排间延时的增大呈先降低、后小幅波动的变化。当炸药单耗为1.32 kg/m^(3)、排间延时为100 ms时,单元的等效应力达到爆破破碎效果,且爆破振动未对采空区的安全稳定造成影响。将优化后的炸药单耗和排间延时应用于矿柱回采爆破,采空区底板的实测峰值振速为14.39 cm/s,满足矿山巷道安全标准,保证了采空区的安全稳定;爆破大块率由8.00%左右下降到4.28%,提升了爆破效果。To safely and efficiently recover the thick and large ore pillar resources remaining in the large through goaf,LS-DYNA software was applied to numerically simulate and optimize unit consumption of explosive and inter-row delay.According to Von Mises yield criterion,equivalent stress of the ore rock,peak equivalent stress and peak vibration velocity of the goaf floor under different explosive consumption and inter row delay conditions were analyzed.The optimized plan was used for blasting,and blasting vibration monitoring was carried out on the surrounding rock of the goaf to analyze the stability of the goaf.Split-Desktop 4.0 software was used for block analysis of the exploded pile.The results show that both peak equivalent stress and peak vibration velocity are positively correlated with the unit consumption of explosives.The impact of inter-row delay on the equivalent effect stress is not significant.Peak vibration velocity decreases first and then fluctuates slightly with the increase of inter-row delay.When unit consumption of explosive is 1.32 kg/m^(3)and inter-row delay is 100 ms,the equivalent stress of unit can cause the blasting fragmentation,and the blasting vibration does not affect the safety and stability of the goaf.The optimized explosive consumption and inter-row delay were applied to the blasting of mining pillars.The measured peak vibration velocity of the surrounding rock in the goaf is 14.39 cm/s,which meets the safety standards of mining tunnels and ensures the safety and stability of the goaf.Blasting block rate has decreases from around 8.00%to 4.28%,bringing good blasting outcomes.

关 键 词：矿柱回采 采空区稳定性 炸药单耗 排间延时 爆破块度 

分 类 号：TD235[矿业工程—矿井建设]