国家利益视域下日本新版《开发合作大纲》评析  

An Analysis of Japan's New Development Cooperation Charter from the Perspective of National Interests

作　　者：常思纯[1] Chang Sichun

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院日本研究所

出　　处：《日本学刊》2024年第4期79-103,158,159,161,162,共29页Japanese Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(编号:22&ZD176)

摘　　要：从1992年日本出台首个《ODA大纲》,到2003年和2015年两次修改大纲,并在2015年更名为《开发合作大纲》,日本在对外援助中日益强调重视本国国家利益,并宣称要推动ODA的战略性运用,为实现国家利益做出贡献。2023年6月,为应对国际形势新变化、配合日本《国家安全保障战略》调整的需求及加强对中国的竞争与牵制,日本时隔八年再次修订《开发合作大纲》。新版大纲将ODA定位为“日本外交的最重要工具之一”,将国家利益定位为对外援助的主要目的之一,进一步强化ODA的战略性功能。新版大纲还提出要加速推动ODA向“印太”地区倾斜,并提出“共创”理念,强调援助效果需回馈日本、打造对己有利的国际环境。今后,随着日本对自身国家利益的关注及更加强调军事安全和经济安全,日本的ODA也将进一步向安全层面倾斜。From the introduction of Japan's first ODA charter in 1992 to the two revisions of the charter in 2003 and 2015,when it was renamed the Development Cooperation Charter,Japan has increasingly emphasized the importance of its own national interests in its foreign assistance and has publicly declared its intention to promote the strategic use of ODA to contribute to the realization of its national interests.In June 2023,Japan revised its Development Cooperation Charter again after eight years in response to the latest changes in the international situation,the need for adjustments to Japan's National Security Strategy,and the need to strengthen competition and containment of China.The new version of the charter positions ODA as“one of the most important tools of Japan's diplomacy”and“national interest”as one of the main purposes of development cooperation,further strengthening the strategic function of ODA.The new version of the charter also proposes to accelerate the promotion of ODA to the“Indo-Pacific”region and puts forward the concept of“co-creation”,emphasizing that the effects of aid need to be returned to Japan and to create an international environment that is favorable to itself.In the future,as Japan focuses on its own national interests and places greater emphasis on military and economic security,Japan's ODA will be further tilted toward the security dimension.

关 键 词：国家利益 ODA 开发合作大纲 印太构想 “提案型” 援助 

分 类 号：D831.3[政治法律—政治学]