不结盟还是结盟:印度外交转型问题刍议  

On India's Diplomatic Transformation:Non-Alignment or Alliance

作　　者：陶亮[1] Tao Liang

机构地区：[1]云南大学外语学院区域与国别研究所

出　　处：《南亚研究》2024年第3期57-78,156,157,共24页South Asian Studies

摘　　要：为与印度崛起的“大国身份”相匹配,近年来印度学术界和政策界尝试用新的范式和“标签”来揭示印度外交发生的重要变化,在此背景下“多向结盟”逐步成为印度外交的关键词.“多向结盟”表面上看是对长期被视为印度外交标志的不结盟的否定,反映了莫迪政府外交的重要变化,然而“多向结盟”实际上既没有超越“不结盟”,也不是对“不结盟”的否定.“不结盟”既非一种意识形态,也非等同于尼赫鲁外交,而是一种蕴含了超越国际格局变化的理论体系,这一理论体系已深植于印度战略文化之中,其本质是大国战略自主.研判印度外交发展变化及其本质取决于影响它的定量和变量因素.基本的定量因素有以“寇松主义”为核心的印度国家安全思想、大国战略和大国战略自主,主要的变量因素涉及印度政治的世俗主义与印度教民族主义之争、世界主要大国关系和国际秩序主导国对外战略的重大调整等.一般而言,变量因素下印度外交的变化是基于定量因素,这是我们有效考察印度外交重要变化或转型的基本前提.In line with its rising status as a global power,India's academic and policy circles have been exploring new paradigms to capture significant changes in its foreign policy."Multi-alignment"has gradually emerged as a key term,seemingly a rejection of the long-heldnonalignment principle.However,this paper argues that multi-alignment is not a departure from non-alignment,still less a rejection of it.Non-alignment is neither an ideology nor is it synonymous with Nehru's foreign policy;rather,it is a theoretical framework that transcends changes in the international status quo,and which is deeply rooted in India's strategic culture,reflecting its pursuit of strategic autonomy as a great power.Changes in the nature of India's foreign policy depend on both constant and variable factors.The basic constant factors include India's national security ideology centered around"Curzonism",major power strategies,and great power strategic autonomy.The main variable factors involve the conflict between secularism and Hindu nationalism in Indian politics,major power relations,and significant adjustments in the foreign strategies of leading global powers.Understanding India'sdiplomaticcevolution requires attention to both constant and variable elements.

关 键 词：印度外交 不结盟 多向结盟 战略自主 世俗主义 印度教民族主义 

分 类 号：D871.2[政治法律—政治学] D835.1[政治法律—外交学] D035.3