阶梯输送式茶叶采收分级一体机设计与试验  

Design and experiment of the stepped transportation tea harvesting and grading integrated machine

作　　者：刘皓央 肖强[1] 李鑫[1] 白家赫 王东林 李杨 LIU Haoyang;XIAO Qiang;LI Xin;BAI Jiahe;WANG Donglin;LI Yang(Tea Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310008,China;Shaoxing Chunming Technology Co.,Ltd.,Shaoxing 312500,China;Tea Station of Xinchang County,Shaoxing 312500,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院茶叶研究所,杭州310008 [2]绍兴春茗科技有限公司,绍兴312500 [3]新昌县茶叶站,绍兴312500

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2024年第17期52-60,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金资助项目(LTGN23C130004);新昌县科技计划项目;中国农业科学院青年创新专项(Y2024QC24);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610212021004);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(CAAS-ASTIP-2019-TRICAAS)。

摘　　要：针对名优茶机械化采摘效率较低的情况,该研究利用不同芽叶类型的长度差设计了一种阶梯输送式茶叶采收分级一体机,其可在高效采摘的同时实现芽叶分级。首先通过理论分析与初步试验确定了影响一体机采摘新梢完整率与分级成功率的影响因素,并运用Design-Expert软件进行了四因素三水平的Box-Behnken试验,确定了对采摘新梢完整率影响较大的因素为刀片往复频率、刀片纵向距离、皮带主动轮转速,对分级成功率影响较大的因素为刀片纵向距离、皮带间的高度差。进一步以采摘新梢完整率与分级成功率最大为目标对各参数进行优化,得到一体机的最佳参数为刀片往复频率1600次/min、刀片纵向距离12.5 mm、皮带主动轮转速800 r/min、皮带间的高度差31.5 mm。最后使用优化后的参数开展采摘试验,试验结果表明阶梯输送式茶叶采收分级一体机能够高效完成芽叶采摘与分级工作,采摘新梢完整率与分级成功率分别达到77.9%和88.7%,试验值与模型预测值误差小于5%。该研究可为采收分级一体化技术提供理论依据,为提高茶叶机械化采收水平提供技术支撑。Here an integrated machine was designed with the stepped transportation tea harvesting and grading,in order to improve the quality and efficiency of mechanized harvesting for the high-quality tea.The integrated machine utilizes the length differences of different types of tea bud of Longjing 43 to achieve tea bud grading while efficiently harvesting.The reciprocating cutting blades were utilized to pick the tea bud.Multiple sets of dividing parts and belt groups were combined to achieve the clamping and directional transportation of harvested tea bud.Two sets were selected from the stepped belt groups,and the length difference among the different types of tea bud was used to classify the tea bud during transportation.The distance between the blades and belts was used to separate the tea bud unsuitable for picking.Firstly,the theoretical analysis and preliminary experiments were carried out to determine the factors influencing the integrity rate of picking new tea bud and the grading success rate.These factors were the reciprocating frequency of the blades,the longitudinal distance of the blades,the driving wheel speed of the first leaf feeding mechanism belt,and the height difference between the belts of the leaf feeding mechanism,respectively.Secondly,a Box Behnken experiment with four factors and three levels was conducted using Design Expert software.A systematic investigation was implemented to evaluate the interactive effects of various factors on the integrity rate of picking new tea bud and grading success rate of the machine.Regression models were established with the integrity rate of picking new tea bud and grading success rate of the machine as the response values.The influencing factors on the integrity rate of picking new tea bud were the blade reciprocating frequency,the driving wheel speed of the first leaf feeding mechanism belt,and the longitudinal distance of the blades.There was an interactive effect between the reciprocating frequency of the blade and the longitudinal distance of the blade.The

关 键 词：茶叶机械 设计 试验 名优茶采摘 分级 一体机 

分 类 号：S225.1[农业科学—农业机械化工程]