儿童无痛无创静脉麻醉诱导的研究进展  

Research Progress on Induction of Painless and Noninvasive Intravenous Anesthesia in Children

作　　者：孙东燕 杨儒宸 姜雪丽 角院桃 张林语 Sun Dongyan;Yang Ruchen;Jiang Xueli;Jiao Yuantao;Zhang Linyu(Department of Anaesthesiology,Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture Children's Hospital,Dali 671000,Yunnan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]大理白族自治州儿童医院麻醉科,云南大理671000

出　　处：《中国社区医师》2024年第23期6-9,共4页Chinese Community Doctors

摘　　要：该文综述了儿童无痛无创静脉麻醉诱导的最新研究进展,重点关注丙泊酚、咪达唑仑与艾司氯胺酮等药物的药理特性、临床应用及其面临的挑战。丙泊酚因其快速起效和短作用时间特点广泛应用于儿童麻醉,但其注射痛问题显著影响儿童生理与心理健康。探讨了注射痛的分子机制及缓解策略,包括药物预处理、改变注射方式及非药物性干预措施。咪达唑仑与艾司氯胺酮联合应用在小儿术前镇静中显示出优势,口服给药方式虽然便捷,但存在局限性。新型技术(如超声引导静脉穿刺技术)也展现了良好的应用前景。This article reviewed the latest research progress in induction of painless and non-invasive intravenous anesthesia in children,focusing on the pharmacological properties,clinical applications and challenges of propofol,midazolam and esketamine.Propofol is widely used in children anesthesia because of its rapid onset and short duration of action,but its injection pain significantly affects children's physiological and psychological health.The molecular mechanism of injection pain and its relief strategies were discussed,including drug preconditioning,changing injection mode and non-drug intervention.The combination of midazolam and esketamine has shown advantages in the preoperative sedation of children.Although the oral administration is convenient,it has limitations.New technologies(such as ultrasound-guided venipuncture)also show good application prospects.

关 键 词：儿童麻醉 无痛无创 丙泊酚 咪达唑仑 艾司氯胺酮 舒适化 

分 类 号：R614[医药卫生—麻醉学]