公开刑事裁判文书的样本偏误——基于2014—2022年度中国裁判文书网样本的实证研究  

Sampling Bias in the Public Disclosure of Criminal Adjudication Documents——An Empirical Study of Samples between 2014 and 2022 from China Judgements Online

作　　者：黎森予 LI Sen-yu(School of Law,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院,北京100084

出　　处：《太原理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期30-38,共9页Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology(Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：中国裁判文书网公示的刑事裁判文书,是数据时代下刑事法研究和类案参考的重要素材。统计发现,裁判文书网公开的裁判文书相对全体刑事裁判而言存在样本偏误,不同类型的案件被公开的概率有所不同。刑事二审、再审案件的裁判文书相对一审而言更难被公开;一审裁判文书中,案发率较低的、较不常见的案由对应的刑事裁判文书相对于其他案由而言被公开的可能性更低;二审、再审裁判文书中,审理结果为改判或发回的文书更难被公开。样本偏误的出现,可能与司法机关对案件的社会影响和上下级关系方面的担忧有关。在刑事法研究、类案参考和司法公开制度改革的过程中,应当就上述偏误采取针对性的纠正措施。The criminal adjudication documents publicly disclosed on China Judgements Online serve as crucial resources for criminal law research and case reference in the data era.Statistical analysis reveals a sampling bias in the publicly disclosed documents compared with the entire corpus of criminal judgments,with varying probabilities of disclosure for different types of cases Second-instance and retrial adjudication documents are relatively less likely to be disclosed compared to first-instance judgments.Within first-instance adjudication documents,cases with lower incident rates and less common charges have a lower likelihood of being disclosed compared to other charges.Moreover,within second-instance and retrial adjudication documents,those resulting in a judgment reversal or remand are more difficult to access publicly.The emergence of sampling bias may be associated with judicial concerns regarding the social impact of cases and hierarchical relationships.In the process of criminal law research,case reference,and the reform of judicial transparency systems,targeted corrective measures should be taken to address these biases.

关 键 词：司法公开 裁判文书网 样本偏误 法学实证研究 类案参考 

分 类 号：D926.1[政治法律—法学]