俄罗斯认知战:理论基础、结构特点及实践影响  

Russian Cognitive Warfare: Theoretical Foundations, StructuralFeatures and Practical Implications

作　　者：于优娟 崔屹鸣 Yu Youjuan;Cui Yiming(Beijing International Studies University,Beijing 100024;Seventh Fourteenth Research Institute of China State Shipbuilding Corporation,Beijing 100192)

机构地区：[1]北京第二外国语学院,北京100024 [2]中国船舶集团有限公司第七一四研究所,北京100192

出　　处：《情报杂志》2024年第10期61-65,共5页Journal of Intelligence

基　　金：北京市教委科研计划项目“俄罗斯对美国认知演化与战略选择及中国应对”(编号:SM202310031004)研究成果。

摘　　要：[研究目的]认知战是俄罗斯维护国家安全,实现大国抱负的关键手段。俄乌冲突是审视俄罗斯认知战有效性的典型案例,深入分析俄乌冲突中俄罗斯认知战实践的经验教训对构建具有中国特色的认知战系统提供参考和借鉴。[研究方法]采用案例分析和逻辑分析法,系统梳理俄罗斯和西方国家在俄乌冲突过程中的认知对抗,评估俄罗斯认知战效用及战略影响。[研究结论]在俄乌冲突中,俄罗斯采取了多层次的认知战策略,包括政府机构与官方媒体的协调、代理网站与社交媒体的配合以及网络攻击等,不仅澄清了事实、摆正了立场,还对国家战略稳定产生了影响。中国需要审视并加强自身的认知战能力,从战略目标、能力建设和战术策略三个层面出发,打造有中国特色的认知战系统。[Research purpose]Cognitive warfare is a key means for Russia to maintain its national security and realize its great power ambitions.The Russia-Ukraine conflict has become a typical case to scrutinize the effectiveness of Russia's cognitive warfare.An in-depth analysis of the lessons learned from Russia's cognitive warfare practice is of great significance to the construction of a cognitive warfare system with Chinese characteristics.[Research method]Case studies and logical analysis are used to systematize the cognitive confrontation between Russia and the West in the course of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict and to assess the utility and strategic implications of Russian cognitive warfare.[Research conclusion]In the Russia-Ukraine conflict,Russia adopted a multi-level cognitive warfare strategy,including coordination between government agencies and official media,cooperation between proxy websites and social media,and cyberattacks,which not only clarified the facts and corrected its position,but also had an impact on national strategic stability.China needs to review and strengthen its own cognitive warfare capabilities,and build a cognitive warfare system with Chinese characteristics from the three levels of strategic objectives,capacity building and tactical strategies.

关 键 词：认知战 信息对抗 战略稳定 俄乌冲突 俄罗斯 案例分析法 

分 类 号：D815.9[政治法律—国际关系]