宁春4号优选系改良的遗传机制研究  

Genetic Mechanism Underlying the Improvement of Agronomic Characters of Ningchun 4 Advanced Line

作　　者：杨长刚 Momal Baloch 柳娜[1] 张雪婷[1] 李前荣 陶媛 韩蕾 王世红[1] 杨春武[2] YANG Changgang;MOMAL Baloch;LIU Na;ZHANG Xueting;LI Qianrong;TAO Yuan;HAN Lei;WANG Shihong;YANG Chunwu(Wheat Research Institute,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China;School of Life Sciences,Northeast Normal University,Changchun,Jilin 130024,China;Crop Institute,Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Ningxia,Yinchuan 750100,China;Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center of Yongning County,Yongning,Ningxia 750100,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院小麦研究所,甘肃兰州730070 [2]东北师范大学生命科学学院,吉林长春130024 [3]宁夏农林科学院农作物研究所,宁夏银川750002 [4]永宁县农业技术推广服务中心,宁夏永宁750100

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2024年第10期1245-1253,共9页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：甘肃省农业科学院农业科技创新专项(2021GAAS37,2021GAAS03);国家自然科学基金地区基金项目(32360505);兰州市人才创新创业项目(2022-RC-69);吉林省发展和改革委员会吉林省产业技术研究与开发项目(2023C035-7);吉林省科技发展计划重点研发项目(20220202006NC)。

摘　　要：近年来,育种家在长期种植的宁春4号的群体里,使用“五圃法”提纯复壮了宁春4号,获得了宁春4号优选系(YX),其产量、品质及适应性均明显优于原始宁春4号。本研究利用55K芯片分析了原始宁春4号和YX系的遗传相似度,通过比较二者光合作用、转录组和代谢组,揭示YX系农艺性状改良的代谢及基因表达调节差异。全基因组55K芯片遗传分析发现,YX系和原始宁春4号在全基因组范围内仅有1170个SNP位点,两者的遗传相似度为97.79%,充分证明经过农民长期种植和五圃法提纯复壮后,YX系并未发生较大的遗传变异。表型分析表明,YX系的光合作用在分蘖期和抽穗期均高于原始宁春4号。代谢分析结果表明,与原始宁春4号相比,YX系叶中代谢水平增强的7种代谢物均是糖类化合物,在YX系根中也有11种糖类化合物水平被增强。光合碳同化速率增强及糖类物质水平提高可能是YX系产量超越原始宁春4号的主要生理原因。转录组分析结果表明,YX系根和叶中有大量编码生长调节因子的基因上调表达,说明YX系可能通过上调某些生长调节因子提高产量和适应性。In recent years,breeders have used the five nursery method to purify and rejuvenate the population of Ningchun 4,which has been planted for a long time.The advanced line(YX)of Ningchun 4 was obtained,with significantly better yield,quality,and adaptability than the original Ningchun 4.This study used a 55K array to analyze the genetic similarity between the original Ningchun 4 and the YX line,to clarify the differences in metabolism and gene expression and regulation in the improved agronomic traits of the YX line,by comparing the photosynthesis,transcriptome,and metabolome.Genetic analysis revealed that the YX line and the original Ningchun 4 have only 1170 SNP loci across the entire genome,with a genetic similarity of 97.79%.This fully demonstrated that after long-term cultivation by farmers and purification and rejuvenation using the five nursery method,the YX line did not exhibit significant genetic variations.Phenotypic analysis showed that the photosynthesis of the selected YX line was higher than that of the original Ningchun 4 during the tillering and heading stages.The metabolic analysis results showed that compared with the original Ningchun 4,all of the seven metabolites with enhanced metabolic levels in the leaves of the YX line were carbohydrate compounds,and 11 carbohydrate compound levels were also enhanced in the roots of the YX line.The increase in photosynthetic carbon assimilation rate and the increase in sugar content may be the main physiological reasons for the YX line's yield surpassing that of the original Ningchun 4.The transcriptome analysis results indicated that a large number of genes encoding growth regulatory factors are upregulated in the roots and leaves of the selected YX line,indicating that the YX line may increase yield and adaptability by upregulating certain growth regulatory factors.

关 键 词：宁春4号 春小麦 代谢组 转录组 遗传机制 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S330