《通用数据保护条例》实施对中国出口效率的影响  

Research on the Impact of the GDPR Implementation on China's Export Efficiency

作　　者：李鑫 LI Xin(School of International Trade and Economics,Anhui University of Finance&Economics,Bengbu 233030,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽财经大学国际经济贸易学院,安徽蚌埠233030

出　　处：《中国流通经济》2024年第10期98-114,共17页China Business and Market

基　　金：上海社会科学院招标课题“跨境数据流动规制对服务贸易出口的影响研究”(2023-1-2596-011)。

摘　　要：数字经济时代,数据是重要生产要素,生产和贸易活动中数据跨境流动成为必然环节,而数据跨境流动限制对生产和贸易活动产生重要影响。基于欧盟《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR),运用2005—2022年面板数据,考察GDPR实施对中国出口效率的影响及作用机制。研究发现,GDPR实施对中国出口效率产生了显著的负面影响,这一发现在系列稳健性检验后依然成立。拓展分析发现,GDPR实施对中国出口效率的负面影响在目的地国发展水平、发展速度、营商环境和政治环境等层面存在差异;在发展水平越高、发展速度越快以及营商环境和政治环境越好的目的地国,GDPR实施对中国出口效率的影响也越大。机制分析显示,GDPR实施会导致各类贸易成本上升进而降低中国对其出口效率,目的地国对数据保护越不敏感,GDPR实施对出口效率的抑制作用可能会降低;GDPR实施会影响目的地国监管情况进而影响中国出口效率,目的地国政府效率、法治水平和居民话语权越高,GDPR实施对出口效率的抑制作用可能会越低;GDPR实施会影响目的地国的进口需求,降低中国对目的地国出口效率;GDPR实施会影响目的地国国内供给水平,进而影响中国对目的地国出口效率,技术能力越强、人力资本和资本存量越充足的国家,GDPR实施对其国内供给影响越小,对中国出口效率的负面影响也越小。据此,应加强国际沟通与协作以降低制度阻碍,有效利用区域贸易协定签订数据相关条款,积极参与国际数据流动相关规则制定。同时,针对差异化市场寻求合适应对策略,并引导企业提高生产效率和数据规制的应对能力。In the era of digital economy,data is an important factor of production,and cross-border data flow has become an inevitable link in production and trade activities.But,the restrictions on cross-border data flow have a significant impact on production and trade activities.Based on the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation(GDPR),the author uses panel data from 2005 to 2022 to examine the impact and mechanism of GDPR implementation on China's export efficiency.It is found that the implementation of GDPR has had a significant negative impact on China's export efficiency,and this finding still holds true after a series of robustness tests.Further analysis reveals that the negative impact of GDPR implementation on China's export efficiency varies in terms of the development level,development speed,business environment,and political environment of the destination country.The higher the development level,the faster the development speed,and the better the business and political environment of the destination country,the greater the impact of GDPR implementation on China's export efficiency.Mechanism analysis shows that the implementation of GDPR will lead to an increase in various trade costs,thereby reducing China's export efficiency to it.The less sensitive the destination country is to data protection,the lower the inhibitory effect of GDPR implementation on export efficiency may be;the implementation of GDPR will affect the regulatory situation in the destination country,thereby affecting China's export efficiency,the higher the efficiency of the destination country's government,the level of rule of law,and the voice of residents,the lower the inhibitory effect of GDPR implementation on export efficiency may be;the implementation of GDPR will affect the import demand of destination countries and reduce China's export efficiency to them;and the implementation of GDPR will affect the domestic supply level of the destination country,which in turn will affect China's export efficiency to the destination cou

关 键 词：跨境数据流动 通用数据保护条例 出口效率 

分 类 号：F752[经济管理—国际贸易]