从“造住房”到“造生活”——大都市东京住房规划建设政策制度演变、成效和启示  

From"Building Houses"to"Building Lives":The Evolution,Effect and Inspiration of Tokyo Metropolitan Housing Planning and Construction Policies

作　　者：万成伟 叶裕民[2,3] 胡盼 叶丹 蒋希冀 WAN Chengwei;YE Yumin;HU Pan;YE Dan;JIANG Xiji

机构地区：[1]贵州省自然资源厅 [2]中国人民大学公共管理学院 [3]中国城市规划学会 [4]中南大学公共管理学院公共管理系 [5]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 [6]香港城市大学工学院,中国香港 [7]西安建筑科技大学建筑学院

出　　处：《规划师》2024年第9期152-160,共9页Planners

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(18ZDA082);西安建筑科技大学引进人才科研启动项目(1960324011)。

摘　　要：梳理东京自明治维新以来的住房规划建设政策制度的演变,发现其经历了从无到有的摸索期、从散到合的形成期、从量到质的稳定期、从公向私的过渡期、从宅到居的发展转型期等5个阶段,总体呈现出住房供给主体多元协同、住房供给对象全面包容平等、住房供给法规先行行政保障、住房规划体系完善和住房更新行动持续升级等5大特征,最终形成充足稳定均衡的居住用地配置、与城市发展结构相契合的住房分布以及集约多样富有品质的住房供给等3大发展成效。对我国大城市住房发展有3大启示:从住房供给治理机制、住房规划、调查制度等方面完善住房规划建设政策制度,从“造住房”转向“造生活”,以及充分均衡地供给居住用地和住房类型。Research based on the historical development context reveals that the housing planning and construction policies in Tokyo have undergone five stages of evolution since the Meiji Restoration:(1)the exploratory phase of development from inception;(2)the period of consolidation from fragmentation to cohesion;(3)the stable phase shifting from quantity to quality;(4)the transitional phase transitioning from public to private development;(5)the transformative phase shifting from housing supply to fundamental life cultivation.In general,it presents five characters,namely,multiple cooperative housing supply subjects,inclusive and equal housing supply objects,the supply action of administrative guarantee first by laws and regulations,well-established housing planning,and continuous housing renewal action,and finally realizes three development achievements,namely,sufficient,stable and balanced residential land allocation,housing distribution compatible with urban development structure,and intensive,diverse and high-quality housing supply structure.There are three inspirations for the housing development of large cities in China:to improve the housing planning and construction policy system from the aspects of citizens'equal right to live,multiple equal and cooperative housing supply governance mechanism,housing planning and investigation system,to shift from"building houses"to"building lives",and to fully and evenly supply residential land and housing types.

关 键 词：大城市 住房 规划建设 居住生活 东京 

分 类 号：TU981[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]