甲午战争期间日本陆军的战地情报活动——以成欢、平壤战役为中心  

The Battlefield Intelligence Gathering of the Japanese Army during the First Sino-Japanese War-Focusing on the Battles of Seonghwan and Pyongyang

作　　者：刘豫杰 Liu Yujie

机构地区：[1]北华大学东亚历史与文献研究中心

出　　处：《日本侵华南京大屠杀研究》2024年第3期51-62,141,共13页Journal of Japanese Invasion of China and Nanjing Massacre

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“近现代日本对‘满蒙’的社会文化调查书写暨文化殖民史料文献的整理研究”(19ZDA217)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：甲午战前,先行赴朝的大岛旅团自登陆朝鲜起便积极展开战地情报活动。在向南探明牙山清军的规模和动向,向北确认清军尚未进驻平壤的前提下,才决意从速南下迎击叶、聂所部。成欢战后,大岛旅团意图直取平壤,直到获悉清军进驻,才转而依托临津江防线,一面侦察,一面等待后援。到平壤战前,日本陆军通过情报方得确认大同江渡江点以及平壤清军的出击情形,并保障了合围的实施。平壤战后,大岛旅团还通过掠取清军营中文件获得情报,在侵入中国前就获悉辽宁各地的驻防和补给情况。从成欢之战到平壤之战,主要由战地情报而非大本营的指导牵引着大岛旅团及野津师团的军事行动。日本陆军的战地情报活动无疑是日军取胜的有效手段。Before the First Sino-Japanese War,the 9 th Infantry Brigade led by Oshima arrived in Korea in advance actively engaged in battlefield intelligence gathering from the moment of landing in Korea.After ascertaining the scale and movements of the army of Qing Dynasty stationed in Asan to the south,and confirming that the army of Qing Dynasty had not yet occupied Pyongyang to the north,they decided to advance southwards to attack the army led by Ye Zhichao and Nie Shicheng.After the Battle of Seonghwan,the Oshima's Brigade intended to advance directly to Pyongyang,but changed course and relied on the defense line of Linjin River after learning that the Qing army had entered Pyongyang.While conducting reconnaissance on one hand,they waited for the backup force.Before the Battle of Pyongyang,the Japanese Army obtained intelligence regarding the points at which the Taedong River could be crossed and the movements of the Qing army in Pyongyang,which ensured the implementation of the encirclement.After the Battle of Pyongyang,the Oshima's Brigade also obtained intelligence by seizing the documents in the camp of the Qing army,and learned about the deployment and supply of the Liaoning region before invading China.From the Battle of Seonghwan to the Battle of Pyongyang,the military actions of the Oshima's Brigade and the 5 th Division led by Nozu were mainly guided by the battlefield intelligence rather than the headquarters.The battlefield intelligence gathering of the Japanese Army were undoubtedly an effective means for the victory of the Japanese army.

关 键 词：甲午战争 日本陆军 情报活动 成欢战役 平壤战役 

分 类 号：K256.3[历史地理—历史学] E313[历史地理—中国史] E295.2[军事—军事理论]