基于土壤有机碳含量的黑土层厚度预测及影响因素分析  

Organic carbon content-baesd prediction andinfluencing factors of black soil layer thicknesses

作　　者：刘凯[1,2,3] 戴慧敏 刘国栋[1,2,3] 梁帅 魏明辉 杨泽 宋运红[1,2,3] LIU Kai;DAI Hui-Min;LIU Guo-Dong;LIANG Shuai;WEI Ming-Hui;YANG Ze;SONG Yun-Hong(Shenyang Center of China Geological Survey,Shenyang 110034,China;Key Laboratory of Black Soil Evolution and Ecological Effect,Ministry of Natural Resources,Shenyang 110034,China;Key Laboratory of Black Soil Evolution and Ecological Effect,Liaoning Province,Shenyang 110034,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局沈阳地质调查中心,辽宁沈阳110034 [2]自然资源部黑土地演化与生态效应重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110034 [3]辽宁省黑土地演化与生态效应重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110034

出　　处：《物探与化探》2024年第5期1368-1376,共9页Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA28020302);中国地质调查局项目(DD20221779)。

摘　　要：黑土层厚度是黑土的一项基本属性,是衡量土壤肥力和侵蚀程度的重要指标,其空间预测的研究对支撑我国黑土地保护工程、保障粮食安全具有重要意义。本文参考土壤系统分类中黑土层的诊断特征,将有机碳含量高于成土母质6×10~(-3)作为黑土层的判定标准,并利用有机碳在土壤垂向剖面上的指数分布规律,推算出黑土层厚度的计算公式。基于多目标区域地球化学调查获取的62 896个表层土壤和15 687个深层土壤的有机碳测试数据,对松辽平原黑土层厚度进行了详尽的空间预测分析,并探讨了黑土层厚度与土壤类型和气候因子之间的关系。结果显示,松辽平原黑土层厚度在0~165 cm之间,中位数为23.33 cm。黑土层空间分布呈现出显著的非均质性,整体呈西南薄、东北厚的分布特点。沼泽土和泥炭土的黑土层平均厚度最大,在60~80 cm之间,其次为黑土,平均厚度为56 cm,白浆土和草甸土的黑土层平均厚度在40~50 cm之间。黑土层厚度的空间分布与气候条件关系紧密,主要表现为与温度呈显著的负相关,与降雨量呈正相关。同时,研究发现年均温0℃是影响黑土厚度的一个重要温度阈值,当年均温高于0℃时,黑土层平均厚度在80 cm以上,并且不再随温度发生变化。随着气候变暖,年均温0℃等温线的南移可能对黑土层厚度产生重要影响。Black soil layer thicknesses,anessential attribute of black soil,serves as a significant indicator for measuring the fertility and erosion degree of black soil.Their spatial prediction holds critical significance for supporting China's black land conservation and ensuring food security.Considering the diagnostic characteristics of black soil layers in soil system classification,this study regarded soil layers with organic carbon content higher than 6×10-3 of soil parent materials as black soil layers.Moreover,it derived the calculation formula for the thicknesses of black soil layers relying on the exponential distribution pattern of organic carbon in the vertical soil profile.Based on the 62896 topsoil and 15687 deepsoil organic carbon data obtained from the multi-purpose regional geochemical survey,this study conducted detailed spatial prediction of the thicknesses of black soil layers in the Songliao Plain and analyzed their relationship with soil types and climate factors.Key findings are as follows:(1)The thicknesses of black soil layers in the Songliao Plain range from 0 to 165 cm,with a median of 23.33 cm;(2)The spatial distribution of black soil layers exhibits significant heterogeneity,characterized by thin southwestern and thick northeastern portions;(3)The black soil layers of swampy soil and peat soil manifest the largest average thicknesses between 60 and 80 cm,followed by those of typical black soil(average thickness:56 cm)and those of albic soil and meadow soil(average thickness:40~50 cm);(4)The spatial distributions of the thicknesses of black soil layers are closely associated with climatic conditions,primarily showing a significant negative correlation with temperature and a positive correlation with rainfall;(5)The mean annual temperature of 0℃is a significant temperature threshold for the development of thick black soil layers.Above this temperature,the average thickness of black soil layers exceeds 80 cm and no longer changes with temperature.With global warming,the southward shift of this

关 键 词：黑土地 黑土层厚度 土壤有机碳 多目标区域地球化学 中国东北 

分 类 号：X825[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X142