苜蓿小区育种气吸式排种器设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Air Suction Seed Metering Device for Alfalfa Plot Breeding

作　　者：任德港 王东伟[1] 李墨贤 李绪 马振家 董彤彤 常学良 马世宽 于华丽[2] Ren Degang;Wang Dongwei;Li Moxian;Li Xu;Ma Zhenjia;Dong Tongtong;Chang Xueliang;Ma Shikuan;Yu Huali(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China;College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学机电工程学院,山东青岛266109 [2]河北农业大学机电工程学院,河北保定071001

出　　处：《农机化研究》2025年第1期39-45,共7页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021CXGC010813);河北省重点研发计划项目(21327215D)。

摘　　要：为提高苜蓿小区育种播种机械化水平,设计了一种苜蓿小区育种气吸式排种器。首先,阐述了排种器的结构和工作原理;接着,对排种器的主要结构参数进行理论计算,并分析排种器充种过程力学特性,找出影响排种效果的关键因素。为得到排种器的最佳性能参数,进行二次回归正交试验设计,以排种盘转速、工作压强、吸种孔数量为试验因素,以合格率、重播率、漏播率为性能指标,采用Design-Expert软件对试验数据进行回归方程分析和响应曲面分析,获得影响试验指标的各试验因素主次关系。研究结果表明:在排种器的最佳参数,排种盘转速24.2 r/min、吸种孔数量36个、工作压强3.7 kPa时,合格率92.81%,重播率3.35%,漏播率3.42%。验证试验表明:该排种器可以实现有效排种,可为后续研究提供理论基础,具有参考价值。In order to improve the mechanization level of alfalfa plot breeding and sowing,an air suction seed metering device for alfalfa plot breeding was designed.Firstly,seeder structure and working principle are described.Then,the main structural parameters of the metering device are calculated theoretically,and the mechanical characteristics of the metering device during the filling process are analyzed to find the key factors affecting the metering effect.In order to obtain the best performance parameters of the seed metering device,the design of quadratic regression orthogonal rotational combination experiments were conducted.The speed of the seeding tray,working pressure and the number of seed suction holes were taken as the test factors.The pass rate,replay rate and missed broadcast rate were taken as the performance indicators,and the regression equation analysis and response surface analysis of the test data were analyzed by Design-Expert software.The primary and secondary relationships of each test factor affecting the test indicators were obtained.Determine the best combination of seed metering parameters:when the rotating speed of seed metering disc is 24.2 r/min,the number of seed sucking holes is 36,and the working pressure is 3.7 kPa,the rate of qualified is 92.81%,the rate of replanting is 3.35%,and the rate of missed seeding is 3.42%.Through the verification test,the seed metering device can achieve effective seed metering,which provides a theoretical basis for subsequent research and has reference value.

关 键 词：苜蓿 小区育种 气吸式排种器 

分 类 号：S223.25[农业科学—农业机械化工程] S220.3[农业科学—农业工程]