气吸式圆盘白萝卜播种机设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Air-suction Disc White Radish Planter

作　　者：尹家巧 李骅[2,3] 齐新丹[1] 孙新平 马云龙 Yin Jiaqiao;Li Hua;Qi Xindan;Sun Xinping;Ma Yunlong(College of Mechanical and Power Engineering,Nanjing Tech University,Nanjing 211816,China;Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Equipment of Jiangsu Provincial Colleges and Universities,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210031,China;College of Engineering,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210031,China)

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学机械与动力工程学院,南京211816 [2]南京农业大学江苏省智能化农业装备重点实验室,南京210031 [3]南京农业大学工学院,南京210031

出　　处：《农机化研究》2025年第1期148-156,共9页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0701300)。

摘　　要：针对目前白萝卜种子尺寸小、流动性差、形状不规则导致播种机吸种效果差、漏播率和重播率高等情况,设计了一款气吸式圆盘白萝卜播种机。通过对播种机结构组成和工作原理的分析,计算吸附单粒种子的受力情况,建立了力学模型,并得到单粒最小吸附负压值;通过各级链数转动比,确定了播种机地轮与排种器链数关系。通过对吸种过程DEM-CFD耦合仿真单因素试验,计算确定播种机中排种器关键结构参数最优范围,即排种盘转速为1~2 rad/s、风机负压为4~5 kPa、吸孔直径为2.4~2.8 mm;并在此基础上进行田间试验,以排种盘转速、风机负压、吸孔直径为试验因素,以播种间距合格率指标、漏播率指标、重播率指标为评价标准,进行三因素三水平正交试验。利用Design-Expert软件构造数学回归方程和响应曲面模型,分析了各个参数对播种合格率指标的影响变化,并利用软件最优化模块,确定了结构参数最优组合,即排种盘转速为1.3 rad/s、风机负压为4.6 kPa、吸孔直径为2.5 mm。田间试验结果表明:播种行距合格率指标为92.35%,漏播率指标为3.97%,重播率指标为3.68%,满足白萝卜精量播种的农艺要求。Aiming at the small size,poor fluidity and irregular shape of white radish seeds,the seed suction effect of seed planter is poor,the leakage rate index is high,and the repeat rate index is high,an air suction disc white radish planter is designed.Based on the analysis of the structure and working principle of the planter,the force of adsorbing single seed was designed and calculated,the mechanical model was established,and the minimum adsorption negative pressure of single seed was obtained.Then through the rotation ratio of the number of chains,the relationship between the ground wheel of the planter and the number of seeding device was determined.Through the single factor test of DEM-CFD coupling simulation of seed suction process,the optimal range of key structural parameters of seed discharge device in seed seeder was calculated and determined:the speed of seed discharge disc in seed discharge device was 1-2 rad/s,the negative pressure of fan was 4-5 kPa,and the diameter of suction hole was 2.4-2.8 mm.On this basis,the field experiment was carried out,with the rotation speed of seeding disc,negative pressure of fan and diameter of suction hole as the test level factors,and with the index of qualified rate of seeding spacing,index of leakage rate and index of replay rate as the evaluation criteria,the orthogonal experiment with three factors and three levels was carried out.Design-Expert software was used to construct the mathematical regression equation and response surface model,and the influence of each parameter level on the qualified rate index of seeding was analyzed.The optimal combination of structural parameters was determined by using the software optimization module:the rotation speed of seeding disc was 1.3 rad/s,the negative pressure of fan was 4.6 kPa,the diameter of suction hole was 2.5 mm,and the field experiment verified that the pass rate index of seeding spacing of seeder was 92.35%,the leakage rate index was 3.97%,and the replay rate index was 3.68%.Meet the agronomic demand of white radish

关 键 词：气吸播种机 耦合仿真 田间试验 正交试验 白萝卜 

分 类 号：S223.26[农业科学—农业机械化工程]