水稻软盘毯状苗分离机设计与试验  

Design and Test of Rice Blanket Seedling Separator

作　　者：赵语轩 毛欣[1,2] 衣淑娟 陶桂香[1,2] 田永久 Zhao Yuxuan;Mao Xin;Yi Shujuan;Tao Guixiang;Tian Yongjiu(College of Engineering,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319,China;Heilongjiang Engineering Technology Research Center for Rice Ecological Seedings Device and Whole Process Mechanization,Daqing 163319,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学程学院,黑龙江大庆163319 [2]黑龙江省水稻生态育秧装置及全程机械化工程技术研究中心,黑龙江大庆163319

出　　处：《农机化研究》2025年第2期86-90,共5页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：黑龙江八一农垦大学“三纵”科研支持计划项目(ZRCPY202105);中央引导地方科技发展专项(ZY20B05)。

摘　　要：目前,水稻种植环节中育秧环节与移栽环节之间的水稻苗盘分离环节的机械化程度相较于其他环节较为薄弱。为提高水稻全程机械化作业水平,降低生产成本,设计了一种适用于水稻毯状苗与塑料软盘分离的机械装置,主要由输送机构、分离机构、扶苗机构、集苗机构、动力系统和机架组成。对装置的结构及工作原理进行了描述,分析确定各个机构的结构参数。以分离率、茎叶损伤率、基质损伤率为试验指标进行苗盘分离试验,结果表明:水稻软盘毯状苗分离机作业效果较好,分离成功率在95%以上,能够降低生产成本,提高生产效率;茎叶损伤率及基质损伤率均在3%以下,保证后续水稻毯状苗移栽工作的顺利进行,较小的茎叶损伤与基质损伤也保证了后续水稻生长过程中不会受到较大的影响,满足水稻育秧农艺要求和水稻工厂化技术规范要求。At present,the mechanization degree of the rice seedling tray separation link between the seedling raising link and the transplanting link in the rice planting link is relatively weak compared with other links.In order to improve the mechanization level of the whole process of rice and reduce the production cost,a mechanical device suitable for the separation of rice blanket seedlings and plastic floppy disks is designed.The centrifuge is mainly composed of conveying mechanism,separating mechanism,seedling supporting mechanism,seedling collecting mechanism,power system and frame.The structure and working principle of the device are described,and the structural parameters of each mechanism are analyzed and determined.The experiment was carried out with the separation rate,the damage rate of stem and leaf,and the damage rate of substrate as the test indicators.The results showed that the operation effect of the rice diskette blanket seedling separator was good,and the separation success rate was more than 95%,which could reduce the production cost and improve the production efficiency;The damage rate of stem and leaf and the damage rate of substrate are below 3%,which ensures the smooth progress of the subsequent transplanting of rice blanket seedlings.The smaller damage of stem and leaf and substrate also ensure that the subsequent rice growth will not be greatly affected,and meet the agronomic requirements of rice seedling cultivation and the technical specifications of rice industrialization.

关 键 词：水稻毯状苗 分离机 机械化生产 

分 类 号：S223.12[农业科学—农业机械化工程]