甘薯秧蔓机械化收获防缠绕割台的设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Anti-winding Cutting Table for Mechanized Harvesting of Sweet Potato Vine

作　　者：谭营 尚书旗[1] 王东伟[1] 何晓宁[1] 贾夕宁 朱浩 郑超 张习文 Tan Ying;Shang Shuqi;Wang Dongwei;He Xiaoning;Jia Xining;Zhu Hao;Zheng Chao;Zhang Xiwen(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China;Weihai Jiarun Agricultural Machinery Co.Ltd.,Weihai 264200,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学机电工程学院,山东青岛266109 [2]威海佳润农业机械有限公司,山东威海264200

出　　处：《农机化研究》2025年第2期131-138,共8页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划项目(LJNY202104)。

摘　　要：为解决甘薯秧蔓相互交错缠绕、难以分离导致收获困难的问题,设计了一种甘薯秧蔓机械化收获防缠绕割台,并对仿垄型拨禾切割机构、伸缩弹齿捡拾机构的作业过程进行受力及运动分析,得到其作业参数范围。为避免仿垄型拨禾切割机构和伸缩弹齿捡拾机构在作业过程中发生缠绕,搭建了甘薯秧蔓机械化收获防缠绕割台的试验台架,进行单因素试验,以此来确定仿垄型拨禾切割机构和伸缩弹齿捡拾机构的最佳转速范围;利用Design-Expert 13.0软件中Box-Behnken试验设计方法,研究前进速度、切割转速、捡拾转速三因素两两交互作用对甘薯秧蔓回收率、缠绕程度、伤薯率的影响,并建立回归模型,进行试验参数优化,得到最优工作参数组合,即前进速度0.995 m/s、切割转速61.043 r/min、捡拾转速100.939 r/min,此时甘薯秧蔓的回收率为94.553%、缠绕程度为2.169%、伤薯率为0.213%。为验证最优参数的可靠性,将最优工作参数组合数据化零为整,作为田间试验的作业参数,进行田间试验验证,结果表明:甘薯秧蔓的薯秧蔓回收率为93.55%,缠绕程度为2.42%,伤薯率为0.38%。In order to solve the problem of intertwined sweet potato seedlings and vines,which makes it difficult to separate them for harvesting,an anti-tangling cutter for mechanized harvesting of sweet potato seedlings and vines was designed,and the force and motion analysis of the operation process of the monopoly-like crop cutting mechanism and the telescopic tooth picking mechanism were carried out to obtain their operation parameters.At the same time,in order to avoid the tangling of the monopoly-type cutting mechanism and the telescopic tooth picking mechanism during operation,a test rig was built for the sweet potato rice vine mechanized harvesting anti-tangling cutter and a single-factor test was conducted to determine the optimal speed range of the monopoly-type cutting mechanism and the telescopic tooth picking mechanism;the Box-Behnken test in Design-Expert 13.0 software was used to study the forward speed,cutting speed,and the speed of the cutter.The Box-Behnken test method in Design-Expert 13.0 software was used to study the effects of the interaction of forward speed,cutting speed and picking speed on the recovery rate,entanglement degree and injury rate of sweet potato seedlings,and a regression model was established to optimize the test parameters.The recovery rate of sweet potato seedlings and vines was 94.553%,the degree of entanglement was 2.169%,and the injury rate of potatoes in the harvesting process was 0.213%.In order to verify the reliability of the optimal parameters,the data of the optimal working parameter combination was zeroed into a whole and used as the operating parameters of the field test to conduct field test verification,and the verification results were obtained,and the recovery rate of sweet potato seedling vine was 93.55%,the degree of entanglement was 2.42%,and the injury rate of potato was 0.38%.

关 键 词：甘薯秧蔓 机械化收获 防缠绕割台 响应曲面 

分 类 号：S225.71[农业科学—农业机械化工程]