挤压膨化加工和添加外源酶制剂对仔猪小麦有效能值和营养物质消化率的影响  

Effects of Extrusion Processing and Adding Exogenous Enzyme Preparations on Available Energy Values and Nutrient Digestibility in Wheat for Piglets

作　　者：余建 李平 张建建 吴绮雯 王丽 许安其 范志勇 YU Jian;LI Ping;ZHANG Jianjian;WU Qiwen;WANG Li;XU Anqi;FAN Zhiyong(College of Animal Science and Technology,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry,Institute of Animal Science,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science,Guangzhou 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学动物科学技术学院,长沙410128 [2]广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所,猪禽种业全国重点实验室,农业农村部华南动物营养与饲料重点实验室,广东省畜禽育种与营养研究重点实验室,广州510640

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2024年第9期5594-5607,共14页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1300202);农业农村部政府购买服务项目“仔猪大宗蛋白饲料原料营养价值评定与参数建立”(16210062)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究挤压膨化加工和添加外源酶制剂对仔猪小麦消化能、代谢能和营养物质消化率的影响。试验1:采用全收粪尿法和直接法进行仔猪消化代谢试验。采用完全随机试验设计,选取18头初始体重为(11.67±1.78)kg的杜×长×大三元杂交去势断奶公猪,随机分为3组(对照组、挤压膨化组、酶制剂组),分别饲喂3种小麦饲粮(仅粉碎的小麦饲粮、挤压膨化加工的小麦饲粮、添加外源酶制剂的小麦饲粮),每组6头猪,每头猪作为1个重复。试验共计19 d,分为7 d的消化代谢笼适应期和12 d的正试期(7 d的预试期和5 d的粪尿收集期)。试验2:采用指示剂法、直接法和无氮饲粮法,测定同批次3种处理小麦的标准回肠末端粗蛋白质和氨基酸的消化率。采用4×6不完全拉丁方试验设计,选取4头初始体重为(18.78±2.39)kg、回肠末端装有简单T型瘘管的杜×长×大三元杂交去势公猪,分别饲喂1种无氮饲粮和3种小麦饲粮(仅粉碎的小麦饲粮、挤压膨化加工的小麦饲粮、添加外源酶制剂的小麦饲粮),分别为无氮饲粮组、对照组、挤压膨化组、酶制剂组。试验进行6期试验,每期7 d,包括5 d的预试期和2 d的食糜收集期,共计42 d。结果显示:1)同批次下,小麦经挤压膨化加工后,粗纤维、总阿拉伯木聚糖和粗脂肪含量分别降低了6.30%、12.81%和18.10%,而干物质含量提高了4.65%。2)同批次下,与对照组相比,经挤压膨化加工后,极显著提高了仔猪小麦消化能(14.94 MJ/kg vs 15.65 MJ/kg,P<0.01)和代谢能(12.70 MJ/kg vs 14.14 MJ/kg,P<0.01),添加外源酶制剂对仔猪小麦消化能(14.94 MJ/kg vs 15.11 MJ/kg)和代谢能(12.70 MJ/kg vs 12.93 MJ/kg)无显著影响(P>0.05)。3)与对照组相比,挤压膨化加工极显著提高了仔猪对小麦的干物质、总能和中性洗涤纤维和有机物的全肠道表观消化率(P<0.01);添加外源酶制剂显著提高了小麦干物质全肠道表观消化率(P<0.05)�The objective of this study was to explore the effects of extrusion processing and adding exogenous enzyme preparations on digestible energy(DE),metabolizable energy(ME)and nutrient digestibility in wheat for piglets.Experiment 1:the total feces and urine collection method and the direct method were used for the digestion and metabolism test of piglets.With a completely random experimental design,18 Duroc×Landrace×Large White ternary cross weaned boars with an initial weight of(11.67±1.78)kg were randomly divided into 3 groups(control group,extrusion group,enzyme preparation group).They were fed three kinds of wheat diets(only crushed wheat diet,extrusion processed wheat diet,wheat diet with added exogenous enzyme preparation),6 pigs in each group,and each pig was regarded as a repetition.The 19-day experiment was split into two phases:a 7-day adaption period for the digestion and metabolism cage and a 12-day formal period that included 7 days of pre-feeding and 5 days of feces and urine collection.Experiment 2:the indicator method,direct method,and nitrogen-free diet method were used to determine the digestibility of crude protein and amino acids in the standard ileal terminal of three processed wheat types from the same batch.With a 4×6 incomplete Latin square experimental design,4 Duroc×Landrace×Large White ternary cross weaned boars with an initial weight of(18.78±2.39)kg and equipped with a simple T-type fistula at the terminal of the ileum were selected.They were fed one nitrogen-free diet and three wheat diets(only crushed wheat diet,extrusion processed wheat diet,wheat diet with added exogenous enzyme preparation),namely nitrogen-free diet group,control group,extrusion group,and enzyme preparation group.The experiment was conducted in 6 phases,with 7 days in each phase,including 5 days of pre-test and 2 days of chyme collection,totaling 42 days.The results showed as follows:1)in the same batch of wheat,the contents of crude fiber,total arabinoxylan and ether extract in extruded wheat were decreased

关 键 词：仔猪 小麦 挤压膨化小麦 酶制剂 消化能 氨基酸 消化率 

分 类 号：S828[农业科学—畜牧学]