中国近海渔业资源衰退的动态评价研究  

Research on the Dynamic Evaluation of the Decline of Fishery Resources in China's Coastal Waters

作　　者：许罕多[1,2] 陈园园 XU Handuo;CHEN Yuanyuan(School of Economics,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;Institute of Marine Development of Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学经济学院,青岛266100 [2]中国海洋大学海洋发展研究院,青岛266100

出　　处：《海洋经济》2024年第5期27-37,共11页Marine Economy

摘　　要：1980年代以来,捕捞产能的快速增长致使中国近海大部分渔业资源开始衰退和过度开发。为了准确了解渔业资源衰退的程度,基于渔业经济学基础分析框架构建了渔业资源存量评估的指标体系,采用因子分析法定量测算了1980-2019年近海渔业资源衰退的程度,细致分析了衰退的特点及原因。结果表明:(1)我国近海渔业资源综合评分由1980年的2.1963下降至2019年的-1.8773,整体下降了185.48%,年均下降率约为4.64%,渔业资源衰退严重;(2)1985年之前,近海渔业资源衰退主要表现为传统捕捞种群捕捞产量的下降,原因是农村劳动力的大量涌入;1985-1999年的资源衰退主要表现为单位捕捞努力量渔获量数量的下降,原因是以劳动力与渔船为表征的捕捞产能的增加和捕捞技术的提升;2000-2019年的资源衰退主要表现为单位捕捞努力量质量的下降,原因是前期积累的捕捞产能过大,难以进行衰减。Since the 1980s,the rapid growth of fishing capacity has led to the decline and overexploitation of most of China's offshore fishery resources.In order to accurately understand the degree of decline of fishery resources,this paper constructs an index for evaluating the stock of fishery resources based on the basic analysis framework of fishery economics,uses the factor analysis method to quantitatively measure the degree of decline of offshore fishery resources from 1980 to 2019,and carefully analyzes the characteristics and causes of the decline.The results show that:(1)The comprehensive score of China's offshore fishery resources dropped from 2.1963 in 1980 to-1.8773 in 2019,representing a total decline of 185.48%.The average annual decline rate is approximately 4.64%,indicating a severe decline in fishery resources;(2)Before 1985,the decline of inshore fishery resources was mainly reflected in the decline of fishing yield of traditional fishing stocks,which was due to a large influx of rural labor;The decline of resources from 1985 to 1999 was mainly reflected in the decline of catch quantity per unit fishing effort.This decline was primarily caused by the increase in fishing capacity,represented by labor force and fishing vessels,as well as advancements in fishing technology;The decline of resources from 2000 to 2019 was mainly reflected in the decline of the quality of unit fishing effort,due to the excessive fishing capacity accumulated in the early stage,which made it difficult to reduce.

关 键 词：中国 近海渔业 资源评估 渔业监管 

分 类 号：F12[经济管理—世界经济] P74[天文地球—海洋科学]